Shawn Bloemker

The session would be taught as part of a program that provides free training to thousands of firefighters in Illinois. My goal was to create a class that would teach firefighters the fire behavior terminology and smoke indicators that were necessary to recognize rapid fire events at the speed at which they occur in the field. This presented numerous challenges. The biggest challenge was the way fire behavior is traditionally taught.

Fire Behavior Training

Properly teaching fire behavior requires more than just providing a short lecture on the topic. I wanted to create a proactive approach that incorporates multiple steps. Each step would build on the previous one to accomplish its goal, similar to climbing a ladder. Unfortunately, most firefighters are expected to be ready for action after just the first step.

Although a PowerPoint® lecture is a great way to lay the foundation of terminology for future firefighters and a way for current firefighters to refresh, it is only the first step in understanding how fire behaves. Since many firefighters learn from hands-on demonstration and personal experience, I knew that integrating a live demonstration would be a much more impactful way to teach the class.

When I began teaching the class, I would ignite candles to show how the candle went from a solid to a liquid to a gas. While the candle was burning, I would review a few key fire behavior definitions to ensure that a good foundation was laid. I would then blow out the candle and reignite the smoke that was above it, causing the wick to reignite to show the definitions of ignition temperature and fire point. This demonstration created the opportunity to talk about how the smoke firefighters are crawling under is really a detached gas phase looking for an ignition source.

1 The Max Fire Box is designed to demonstrate rapid fire and smoke behavior in a compartmentalized space without the use of a burn tower or an acquired structure. (Photos by Drew Mitchell.)

By burning the candle, I demonstrated fire behavior in a limited capacity. My next challenge was to find a way to demonstrate rapid fire and smoke behavior in a compartmentalized space without the use of a burn tower or an acquired structure.

Initially, I met this challenge by using wooden boxes that were designed to allow students to witness rapidly changing conditions in a compartment during a fire. This method was successful for one of my main goals-getting students out of the classroom to see smoke behavior and rapid fire events in a controlled environment. It became the second step that prepared students for acquired structure burns and proved to be very beneficial for students. However, it had very distinct flaws. It required continuous construction of wooden boxes and had a limited burn time. Additionally, no matter how good my carpentry skills were, as the fire heated up, the wooden boxes eventually would open up at the joints, allowing too much air into the box, thereby limiting the smoke and rapid fire events I wanted to show.

After several months of burning and redesigning, I developed a reusable steel prop that provided the solution to all of the problems with the wooden boxes. In fact, it provided the solution not only to my challenges but also for live fire training. The pate

By Alan M. Petrillo

For many years, the typical kinds of coverings found on fire trucks were either swing-out or swing-up doors, the latter of which sometimes provided a sort of awning during inclement weather. But in recent years, roll-up doors have made big inroads into fire apparatus design, so much so that their popularity continues to increase year by year.

Not New to the Fire Service

Steve Touchton, emergency products manager for R-O-M Corporation, says his company has been in business more than 60 years and has made roll-up doors since the early 1980s, first for the European market. "We were the first company to bring roll-up shutters to the United States and the fire market," Touchton says. "We now make the Series III roll-up shutter and have about 80 percent of the United States fire market."

1 R-O-M Corporation makes Series III vertical roll-up doors of aircraft-grade 6063T6 aluminum alloy, shown here in the partially opened position. (Photo courtesy of R-O-M Corporation.)

A&A Manufacturing, makers of Gortite roll-up doors, got into making roll-up doors for the fire industry in 2000, Ken Czyzewski, sales and marketing manager, says and has 40 years of experience in making roll-up covers for the machine tool industry. "All Gortite roll-up doors are available with manual and power lock options, as well as LED lighting and door ajar switches," he adds. "We also make a walk-on hosebed cover that retracts to the back end of the hosebed. It's a stainless steel skin with aluminum ribs for reinforcement and will hold 250 pounds every two feet of length."

Ray Van Gunten, president of Dover Roller Shutters Inc., says his firm is part of AM Group, which owns Diamond Roll-Up Doors and purchased Dover Roller Shutters in England in 2004. "We had been making roll-up doors under the Diamond name since the 1990s, but now it is all under the Dover name," Van Gunten says.

2 DuroStrip LED compartment lighting is built into the roll-up doors that R-O-M Corporation fabricated for this Seagrave pumper. (Photo courtesy of R-O-M Corporation.

John Seehof, president of Hansen International Inc., says his firm has been in business for 40 years providing D-ring door hardware for swing-out and swing-up compartment doors and also makes roll-up doors for the fire service. "Ten years ago, we surveyed firefighters about what they wanted to see in roll-up doors," Seehof says. "They wanted better hand clearance, an unlatched door indicator, and the ability to have a custom-designed door. We addressed all those issues for them."

Construction

Czyzewski says, "Everyone's roll-up doors are fairly similar in design, with individual slats hinged together to form the door. They are made out of aluminum and have a weather seal in between the slats to keep out dust, dirt, moisture, and road salts."

Read more 632 0 Article rating: No rating Posted: Oct 10, 2014 The Importance of PPE Care and Cleaning Robert Tutterow   Robert Tutterow   In last month's column, I reviewed the state of personal protective equipment (PPE) cleaning in the United States. In this month's column, I will get into the "nuts and bolts" of PPE care and maintenance.   In June, I was fortunate to be involved in the inaugural Fire Industry Equipment Research Organization (F.I.E.R.O.) Fire PPE Workshop at the Dallas-Fort Worth (DFW) Airport Fire Training and Research Facility. The location provided an excellent setting for an assembly of fire department personnel in a state where National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) 1851, Standard on Selection, Care and Maintenance of Protective Ensembles for Structural Fire Fighting and Proximity Fire Fighting, compliance is enforced by the Texas Commission on Fire Protection. The workshop included presentations on risk assessment, dirty PPE and cancer, handling a line-of-duty death, understanding third-party verification, inspection and cleaning, and a panel discussion of PPE caretakers in four DFW area fire departments. 1 This was a bucket of clean water before a set of turnout gear soaked in it for two hours following a room-and-contents fire. (Photo by Tim Tomlinson.) Cancer Risk Cindy Ell, executive director of the International Fire Fighter Cancer Foundation, captured everyone's attention with a presentation on firefighter cancer. Here are a few of the highlights of her presentation. She stated that cancer is now an epidemic in the fire service. According to research, firefighters are 100 percent more likely to get cancer than the general population. There are more toxins and carcinogens present in the current fire environment than in the fires of previous generations. Male firefighters are 100 percent more likely to get testicular cancer than nonfirefighting males. They are at a 28 percent higher risk for prostate cancer. There is indication that female firefighters are more at risk for breast cancer and other cancers. All firefighters are at 50 percent higher risk for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. And, there are increases in brain, colon, and thyroid cancers as well as melanoma. The contaminants are getting into the body by ingestion, inhalation-don't ever breathe smoke!-and absorption. The exposures are cumulative. It's not just the "big" fires that are producing toxins and carcinogens. It applies to vehicle fires, odor investigations, dumpster fires, electrical fires, and on and on. It was interesting to learn that the parts of the body most susceptible to absorption are the groin and head-especially the jaw. The best ways to minimize these risks are gross decontamination on the scene followed by a thorough shower back at the fire station. Yes, all volunteer fire stations should have shower facilities so that firefighters can remove contaminants from their bodies before exposing their families. It is also important that self-contained breathing apparatus face pieces be thoroughly cleaned after every use. Additionally, the Phoenix (AZ) Fire Department now collects firefighters' hoods following a working fire, provides the firefighters with clean hoods, and takes the contaminated hoods directly from the fire scene to the department's cleaning facility. A final thought on protecting against skin absorpti Read more 625 0 Article rating: No rating Posted: Oct 10, 2014 The Automatic Nozzle: Another Tool in the Toolbox By Paul Shapiro   Through the years, the most debated piece of equipment and the one that draws more passion from firefighters than anything else has been the nozzle. This article focuses on probably the most controversial nozzle-the automatic nozzle. It will cover what the automatic nozzle is designed to do and how it can be used.   History The automatic nozzle was invented by Clyde McMillan, founder of Task Force Tips, who was the chief of the Gary (IN) Fire Task Force. This was a volunteer fire company formed to assist the municipal fire department in Gary, Indiana, on large structure fires. For the most part, the Gary Fire Task Force was a big water company that mainly provided master stream operations. Large-volume-water-delivery fires can have water supply issues that can negatively impact fire stream quality. There were two basic types of master stream nozzles used in those days: a smooth bore nozzle and a combination nozzle. Both of these nozzles are considered fixed-gallonage because they require a specific nozzle pressure (NP) to produce the nozzle's rated flow [gallons per minute (gpm)]. This in itself can be difficult to achieve at large-flow fires with hydrant system pressures dropping as flow demands increase. McMillan was well aware of this problem and decided to come up with a solution that would provide a quality stream, as far as reach is concerned, even with an uncertain water supply. Thus, the automatic nozzle was born. How It Works The main component of an automatic nozzle is designed around a pressure control unit that is calibrated to the nozzle's required NP, thus maintaining a near constant pressure throughout the nozzle's flow range. The reason why it's called a near constant pressure is because there is a slight difference in the NP from the bottom of a nozzle's flow range to the top. National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) 1962, Standard for the Care, Use, Inspection, Service Testing, and Replacement of Fire Hose, Couplings, Nozzles, and Fire Hose Appliances, states that an automatic nozzle can have a NP range of plus or minus 15 pounds per square inch (psi) within its flow range. 1 These nozzles are all automatic nozzles. Two (left and center) are manufactured by Elkhart Brass; the third (right) is a Task Force Tips (TFT) nozzle. (Photos by author.) Here is a more simple way to explain this function using a garden hose. A garden hose without a nozzle connected to it is simply an open-butt hose. This is good for just filling things up. However, to get any reach with a garden hose stream, you put your thumb over the opening of the hose, creating back pressure, which creates a decent stream for your task at hand. Think about how you would use your thumb to maintain a far enough stream to reach 15 feet away to a flowerpot. You would have to depress your thumb into the stream to create more reach and then possibly retract your thumb if the stream was going beyond the target. This is exactly the way an automatic nozzle works, except it doesn't require any thinking from the operator. It works automatically based on its design. < Read more 572 0 Article rating: No rating RSS FirstPrevious4552455345544555455645574558455945604561NextLast Theme picker Section Quick Links   Fire Mechanics Documents EVT Discussion Forum Fire Mechanic Photo Gallery Training & Testing 2019 Scholarship Logo Wear Store Upcoming Events Theme picker Sponsors Fire Mechanics Section Board Chair Posted: Oct 21, 2015 Chair Elliot Courage North Whatcom Fire & Rescue Read more 0 0 Article rating: No rating Vice Chair Posted: Oct 21, 2015 Vice Chair Mike Smith  Pierce County Fire District #5 Read more 0 0 Article rating: No rating Secretary Posted: Oct 21, 2015 Secretary Greg Bach South Snohomish County Fire & Rescue Read more 0 0 Article rating: No rating Director #1 Posted: Oct 21, 2015 Director #1 Doug Jones South Kitsap Fire & Rescue Read more 0 0 Article rating: No rating Director #2 Posted: Oct 21, 2015 Director #2 Paul Spencer  Fire Fleet Maintenance LLC Read more 0 0 Article rating: No rating Director #3 Posted: Oct 21, 2015 Director #3 Jim Morris Mountain View Fire Department Read more 0 0 Article rating: No rating Director #4 Posted: Oct 21, 2015 Director #4 Arnie Kuchta Clark County Fire District 6 Read more 0 0 Article rating: No rating Director #6 Posted: Oct 21, 2015 Director #6 Brett Annear Kitsap County Fire District 18 Read more 0 0 Article rating: No rating Director #5 Posted: Oct 21, 2015 Director #5 Jay Jacks Camano Island Fire & Rescue Read more 0 0 Article rating: No rating Legislative Representative Posted: Oct 21, 2015 Legislative Representative TBD TBD Read more 3250 0 Article rating: No rating Immediate Past Chair Posted: Oct 20, 2015 Immediate Past Chair Brian Fortner Graham Fire & Rescue Read more 0 0 Article rating: No rating RSS Theme picker 2020 CAR SHOW Terms Of Use | Privacy Statement - Copyright 2024 by Washington Fire Chiefs Home Members About Us News Calendar Resources Documents Sections County Fire Chiefs FRWC WSAFM