Electric vehicle (EV) firefighting apparatus are showing steady growth around the country, from EV pumpers to EV aircraft rescue and firefighting (ARFF) trucks.
Fire departments purchasing such EV rigs are discovering they may need to install a new electrical infrastructure in the station that houses the apparatus or upgrade its existing electrical systems, while others choose to site their EVs in newer stations that have the necessary electrical infrastructure.
Roger Lackore, senior director of product development for REV Fire Group, says the company wanted to develop an all-electric pumper designed in the North American style and created the E-ONE Vector electric pumper to achieve that goal. Lackore says the Vector has three double-stacked battery packs—one ahead of the rear axle on each side and one centered behind the rear axle, each having 109 kilowatt hours (kWh) of storage, for a total of 327 kWh—driving an 800-VDC operating system.
1 A 120-kW DC fast charger is shown charging a Mesa (AZ) Fire & Medical Department E-ONE Vector™ electric pumper. (Photo 1 courtesy of E-ONE/REV Specialty Vehicle Segment.)
Lackore says that the Vector has three electric motors—one that takes the place of a traditional diesel engine in driving the rear axle in a normal split shaft operation, a second motor that powers the vehicle’s 12-volt electrical and air conditioning systems, and the third motor for driving the pump, with each motor having its own inverter. “In terms of charging the Vector’s batteries, we recommend using a 120-kilowatt (kW) direct current (DC) fast charger as the best option for being able to turn the vehicle around quickly after a run,” Lackore points out. “Charlotte (NC) Fire Department is in the process of building a new station for their Vector electric pumper and are putting in a 120-VDC fast charger there to take care of the vehicle’s charging needs,” he says.
Lackore says that E-ONE offers an optional Cummins D series engine on the Vector, which E-ONE calls a range extender, because it’s not connected to the drivetrain or pump but only to an electric motor that generates power to charge the batteries. Once the batteries discharge to a certain point, Lackore observes, the range extender will automatically begin to charge the batteries and then shut off at a preset limit. The Vector also uses regenerative braking to help recharge the batteries.
Todd McBride, RTX program manager for Rosenbauer, says its RTX electric pumper has two electric drive motors—one at the front of the vehicle and one at the rear, giving the RTX an all-wheel-drive ability as a standard configuration. McBride says that the RTX has three 132-kW batteries that develop a total peak output of 360 kW and provide 490 horsepower (hp). It also has a 300- hp backup diesel engine that can be used to recharge the batteries, if necessary, he adds.
“The RTX is designed to handle 90% of its calls on battery power only,” he points out. “We’ve found that 20% of time on calls the diesel backup will automatically engage, and if the unit is in a pumping operation, it will take over pumping and begin to charge the batteries. But if not pumping, it will take over all electrical operations on the vehicle and begin charging the batteries.”
McBride says that Rosenbauer recommends a level 3 DC charger to maintain the RTX’s batteries. “A level 3 charger’s minimum is 50 kW and can go up to 350 kW,” he points out. “Reports from fire departments using the RTX show that about 98% of their calls are being handled on battery power alone, so a 50-kW to 60-kW charger is sufficient based on that data.”
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