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The purpose of the Fire Mechanics Section is to promote standardization of fire apparatus and equipment preventative maintenance, improve safety standards and practices, promote workshops, conferences, and seminars related to the purposes of this Section, and to promote cost savings through standardization of building and equipment purchasing and maintenance.

RECENT FIRE MECHANIC NEWS

Posted: Jul 1, 2014

ISO, NFPA, AND CLASS A REVISITED

By Bill Adams

Apparatus specifications (specs) published by fire departments, manufacturers, vendors, and consultants regularly refer to National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) 1901, Standard for Automotive Fire Apparatus, as they should. Some refer to a Class A pumper (Class A), which they shouldn't.

A few refer to the Insurance Services Office (ISO), which could result in a longer lasting financial impact on a community than using NFPA 1901 and Class A. Spec writers should understand the significance using each term may or may not have. There should be justifiable reasoning when references are included in a spec.

The intent of this article is not to split hairs over specification verbiage. The objective is to make purchasers aware that referencing the ISO and NFPA 1901 can have financial implications as well as operational consequences. Class A, on the other hand, is an ambiguous traditional term that has no formal definition. Its historical meaning is subject to multiple interpretations. Consequently, it doesn't belong in a specification.

The ISO's requirements have changed (for those jurisdictions that subscribe to them), and NFPA 1901's are about to. Spec writers should be cognizant of those changes.

ISO

According to the ISO's Web site, "ISO evaluates municipal fire-protection efforts in communities throughout the United States." It analyzes efforts, grades them, and assigns a rating to them, which underwriters use to set insurance rates. The ISO states it is an "advisory organization" and "insurers may use our information, modify it, or not use it as they see fit." Compliance is voluntary. Noncompliance may detrimentally affect a community's rating and ultimately the cost of insurance within it.

One ISO tool used to grade fire protection is the Fire Suppression Rating Schedule (FSRS). It evaluates three major criteria: fire department, emergency communications, and water supply. There are substantial changes to the 2012 FSRS, including a new section designated "Community Risk Reduction." Fire departments should understand the grading system, what is expected of them, and how they will be evaluated. I only address ISO changes to ancillary equipment carried on apparatus herein. It is a very small part of the grading process.

NFPA 1901

NFPA 1901 is a minimum standard for fire apparatus. I describe it as an unenforceable nationally recognized safety standard. The fear of legal action resulting from noncompliance influences voluntary adherence by manufacturers and end users. NFPA 1901's newest revision is due in 2016. It is unlikely a manufacturer will deliver a noncompliant rig unless it receives a sign-off from the purchaser per NFPA 1901 Sentence 4.4.1.2. Whether fire departments actually equip and operate apparatus per NFPA 1901 after delivery is questionable. I pass no judgment on that important local decision. Refer to NFPA 1901 Section 4.21 regarding responsibility. Be mindful-the definition of responsibility can encompass accountability and liability.

The authority having jurisdiction (AHJ) or a political subdivision at a local or state level may have legislation mandating NFPA 1901 and ISO compliance. The fire department, or even a professional association representing department members, may have contractual agreements requiring similar compliance. Understanding ISO and NFPA criteria and concurrent changes will benefit all parties. Exercise caution. Changes in NFPA 1901 and ISO requirements may place a financial burden on a community. There are no NFPA or ISO police, but there are tort lawyers.

Class A Pumpers

There is no formal description for Class A pumpers. NFPA 1901 does not address them nor does the ISO. But, purchasing specifications reference them on a daily basis. What do purchasers expect when they specify one? Most manufactu

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Posted: Jul 1, 2014

Creeper Drag Rules for 2014 now available!

New creeper drag rules have been released for 2014!  Be sure to take a look and be involved in this fun event!

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Posted: Jun 30, 2014

Wildland Urban Interface Apparatus Assuming Larger Role in Many Department Fleets

By Alan M. Petrillo

Wildland and urban interface (WUI) vehicles are maturing into rigs that are playing an important role in fire departments faced with the challenging issues confronting them in WUI territory.

The dual ability of fighting either a structure fire or a wildland fire characterizes the typical WUI piece of apparatus. But, many variations on the type are being used, depending on the needs of the department, the budget available, and the lay of the land the vehicle needs to protect.

Record Year

"It's been bonkers-we've been building more wildland and urban interface trucks than in any other single year," says Doug Kelley, wildland product manager for KME. "The drought that's been going on in the western part of the country for years now encompasses much of the West Coast from California, Oregon, and Washington all the way back to Texas. Fires are getting bigger and hotter because trees and plants are drier, and fire departments are responding to the need to protect people who move into these dry areas."

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1 KME built this 4x4 WUI pumper on a four-person cab International 7400 commercial chassis for Laury's Station Fire Department, in North Whitehall Township, Pennsylvania. (Photo courtesy of KME.)

KME builds a full line of apparatus for the fire service, Kelley notes, from Type 6 specialized wildland trucks through Type 3 medium-duty chassis wildland vehicles carrying 500-gallon water tanks or more, to WUI Type 1 pumpers with up to 750 gallons of water that can function as both structural and wildland units.

One of KME's more popular WUI models is its Ridgerunner, according to Kelley, a type of vehicle that's being used all over the country. "We recently built a Ridgerunner for a fire department in semirural Pennsylvania that has a wide range of hazards in its district-highways to farmland to industrial-so it needed a multiresponse vehicle," Kelley says. "We built the truck on a 4x4 International Navistar 7400 chassis with a 1,500-gpm Hale pump, 500-gallon water tank, and pump-and-roll capability. One of the compartments carries the department's hydraulic rescue tools, while another is dedicated to general firefighting tools."

Kelley points out that most departments want to perform some type of rolling fire attack with their WUI rigs. "They want the ability to do that with a turret on the front of the vehicle and with ground sprays," he says. KME's Whipline turret, developed in conjunction with Elkhart Brass, is gaining in popularity, he notes. "Whipline is fully operable from the cab and is quicker than the traditional electrically controlled nozzle. It's a manual valve that moves as fast as you can move your hand."

Popular to the North

Paul Christiansen, marketing director for Ferrara Fire Apparatus, says his company also has seen a lot of WUI market penetration in the western states but also in the Northeast. "Most of the vehicles have pump-and-roll capability, driven by a diesel auxiliary pump," Christiansen says. "They have a front bumper turret and monitor and usually have a hose reel or small trash line on the bumper too. Usually it's at least a 12-inch bumper extension carrying 50 to 75 feet of 1¾-inch hose, although some departments use one-inch forestry hose."

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2 The Smith Valley (NV) Fire Department turned to Ferrara Fire Apparatus to build this Type 3 WUI pumper on an International 7400 commercial Read more
Posted: Jun 30, 2014

Never Stop Talking About the Past

Chris Mc Loone   Chris Mc Loone

When I joined the fire service in 1993, fire company veterans at the time were not that far removed from riding the back step.

The closest I ever got to riding the back step was standing up in the jump seat area of our '81 American LaFrances, which was still permissible at the time. I started thinking of this recently after a conversation I had with my former chief.

It was meeting night, and a fire company member had recently completed a project he took on to gather existing manufacturer nameplates we had and research and purchase nameplates of all the apparatus we've had through years. The collage he came up with, all mounted on a piece of diamond plate, or tread plate for the spec writers and readers out there, was pretty impressive. This former chief is the one I joined under, and he was chief for most of my 20 years in the fire company. As we admired the work, he would point at a nameplate and say, "I rode that one, and that one, and that one, but not that one … I wasn't around for that one." The names on the collage include Garford, Palmer-Singer, Saulsbury, American LaFrance, and Ward LaFrance. Besides the '81 American LaFrances I'm sure most are tired of hearing me mention by now, and which I won't stop doing, we ran a 1923 American LaFrance. We paid cash for it, and it was the first brand new apparatus we owned.

We used that truck until 1951. This is remarkable to me and is really a testament to the workmanship of fire apparatus even then. My former chief rode the truck at least once in his childhood, "somewhere between 1947 and 1951," he said.

The conversation turned to changes in apparatus in recent years, and I remarked that for our newest members, those who joined in the past 10 to 15 years, there aren't many differences between the trucks we're building now and the ones they came into the fire service with. They have only known fully enclosed cabs with SCBA in the jump seats and seat belts for all. Speaking of SCBA, they've only known fully integrated PASS alarms, not the ones we needed to remember to turn on ourselves. They've known regulators that attach directly to their face pieces vs. a hose coming off the face piece connecting to a regulator at our chest. They came in with and have only seen five-inch LDH dropped from a hydrant. They've only known 1¾-inch attack lines, and the booster reel is something that rarely gets used.

Do they necessarily need to know every aspect of the SCBA I used 20 years ago? Of course not. I'm more concerned with them using what we have now properly. However, knowing what came before them is still important. It's only when we understand where came from that we can better understand how we arrived where we are and plot a course for the future.

I found myself wondering how our newest members will look back at their first 20 years. What will their stories be? Hopefully, they'll be talking about the old days when you actually had to hold a thermal imaging camera in your hand, when ICs kept track of a company's location with magnets instead of on a laptop or tablet screen in real time, and when SCBA weighed more.

The key is to keep talking. The kitchen table at the firehouse is a great place to discuss tactics, lessons learned, and recent events in the fire service. It's also a great time for newer members to listen to seasoned members. There is also a lot to learn from war stories and about how things used to be done. It not only provides newer firefighters with an appreciation for what they have now, it also preserves the history of the fire department. Word of mouth has preserved our history for hundreds of years.

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Fire Mechanics Section Board

Chair

Posted: Oct 21, 2015

Chair

Elliot Courage
North Whatcom Fire & Rescue
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Vice Chair

Posted: Oct 21, 2015

Vice Chair

Mike Smith 
Pierce County Fire District #5
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Secretary

Posted: Oct 21, 2015

Secretary

Greg Bach
South Snohomish County Fire & Rescue
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Director #1

Posted: Oct 21, 2015

Director #1

Doug Jones
South Kitsap Fire & Rescue
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Director #2

Posted: Oct 21, 2015

Director #2

Paul Spencer 
Fire Fleet Maintenance LLC
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Director #3

Posted: Oct 21, 2015

Director #3

Jim Morris
Mountain View Fire Department
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Director #4

Posted: Oct 21, 2015

Director #4

Arnie Kuchta

Clark County Fire District 6

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Director #6

Posted: Oct 21, 2015

Director #6

Brett Annear
Kitsap County Fire District 18
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Director #5

Posted: Oct 21, 2015

Director #5

Jay Jacks
Camano Island Fire & Rescue
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Legislative Representative

Posted: Oct 21, 2015

Legislative Representative

TBD
TBD
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Immediate Past Chair

Posted: Oct 20, 2015

Immediate Past Chair

Brian Fortner
Graham Fire & Rescue

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