By Bill Adams
There are nine domestic manufacturers of custom cabs and chassis for the fire service. Four are owned by one corporation. None were formally asked to participate in this narration, nor were manufacturers that fabricate “raw” custom cabs for apparatus manufacturers, nor were the manufacturers of complete commercial cabs and chassis used by the fire service.
Five years ago, my article “Apparatus Purchasing: Custom Cabs Part 2, the Safety Standards” in Fire Apparatus & Emergency Equipment” (March 2017) addressed safety standards applicable to fire apparatus custom cabs and chassis. In it, questions were raised worthy of further discussion. That time is now.
Fire apparatus crash testing is a serious topic deserving serious attention. It addresses occupant survivability in a fire apparatus cab that may be involved in an accident. National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) 1901, Standard for Automotive Fire Apparatus, does not address crash testing in depth. As an example, NFPA 1901, Chapter 14, Driving and Crew Areas, Section 14.3 devotes almost 1,300 words, several illustrations, and a chart to “seat belts” and only 91 words to the crashworthiness of the apparatus cabs—including the tiller cab on tractor-drawn aerial ladders (TDAs).
It is frustrating not to receive straight answers when asking simple questions. Over the years, my questions posed to fire service vendors about crash testing should have elicited yes, no, or I don’t know answers. Some resulted in a 20-minute obfuscation resulting in total confusion and bewilderment. Obfuscate means to obscure, disguise, or even conceal. In firehouse talk, it means to beat around the bush. Some vendors dodged answering. Others did not know the answers but would not admit it. There are times when simple answers may need clarification, but not all the time and not always about the same subject.
It is disingenuous to claim crash testing exceeds the NFPA’s level of expertise. The 30 members of its Technical Committee on Fire Department Apparatus cannot be expected to be “experts” on every facet, nut, and bolt of fire truck construction and operation. Consequently, it references almost 100 publications and standards promulgated by numerous professional organizations. NFPA 1901, Chapter 2, Referenced Publications, sentence 2.1: “The documents or portions thereof listed in this chapter are referenced within this standard and shall be considered part of the requirements of this document.”
Fire departments should acknowledge and respect the NFPA’s willingness and commitment to seek outside expertise. However, both the NFPA and the manufacturers that must comply with 1901 should be capable of answering basic questions about its requirements. Manufacturers ought to know what they are required to “comply” with.
NFPA 1901, Section 4.3, Driving Compartment denotes the “standards” cabs have to meet but does not say why. Addressing the “survivability” of firefighters in the event of a crash warrants some mention.
Crash Testing Standards
The research and accumulation of data pertaining to survivability in vehicles with more than a 26,000-pound gross vehicle weight rating (GVWR) ha