Chris Mc Loone

Technology is transcending just about every part of fire apparatus and equipment design. Most of the time electronics come to mind when discussing technology. Think about all the electronics that go into fire apparatus, self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA), and recently even personal protective equipment (PPE) research has been devoted to adding electronics into PPE. They're everywhere.

Another technology area firefighters often think of is communications. Between digital radio systems, mobile data computers (MDCs), and paging systems, communications today are advancing more quickly than many can comprehend. Performance Advantage Company (PAC) is leveraging communications in a way not traditionally considered in the fire service. There are few, if any, fire departments that don't have a computer connected to the Internet. It's the way the world communicates today. Although the days of picking up the phone and calling a dealer or OEM are not gone, communicating with e-mail and through a company's Web site is the preferred method for many, especially the younger generation entering the fire service today.

PAC's specialty is tool-mounting systems. In the 20 years the company has existed, its reach has become global. Even when the economy saw better times, it was not always feasible to send representatives all over the world to train end users and dealers how to install PAC's mounting systems. With PAC's new "PAC SHOWROOM," communicating just got easier. "Our swing-out tool board is getting very popular, and it's easy to install if you know how," says Dick Young, founder of PAC. "Engineering has put out instructions that should be OK. But, suppose you run into trouble?" PAC will have the parts and pieces for its swing-out tool board right at the PAC SHOWROOM. Using video conferencing, Young says, "We'll be able to show you exactly where you've got the problem."

(1) The PAC SHOWROOM includes workbenches, layout tables, drills, saws, and so on. With video conferencing, end users can work with technicians in real time to solve their mounting problems. (Photo courtesy of Performance Advantage Company.)

Identifying a Need

Tool mounting has become increasingly important. Besides the various tool mounting required to be compliant with National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) 1901, Standard for Automotive Fire Apparatus, there are weight distribution considerations. Still, many departments have compartments full of equipment that is not mounted. "One of the problems, first of all, is getting the end user to be willing to identify that tool mounting is a problem," says Chick Granito, vice president of PAC. "What we see a lot of is a compartment open and everything thrown into it with no ability to safely mount the equipment, to inventory the equipment, or save the equipment from being damaged. We've had situations where a fire department spends an exorbitant amount of money each year to repair portable equipment because it's just bouncing around in the compartment."

Young adds, "Another very important thing is that up until a few years ago, the way you bought a fire truck was you got it in and then you figured out how to mount your equipment. Now you really have to figure out what your equipment-mounting needs are to design your new truck."

Additionally, PAC receives inquiries from dealers, customers, and potential customers who want to know how to best mount the wide variety of tools and portable equipment in use throughout the world.

The need to show end users exactly how to mount

By Christian P. Koop

Most of us in the emergency response vehicle (ERV) service and repair industry generally do not give much thought to the effects of corrosion (rust, oxidation)-at least not to the degree I think we should. I believe it is one of those things that is not really at the forefront of a maintenance organization's hit list. Usually when you find it is a problem it is kind of late, and the cost to correct the damage can be great. I am not just talking about cosmetic items such as body rust and corrosion. There are a number of important areas that, when left unchecked, can lead to serious safety issues or cause your ERV to break down.

If you have been around this field a long time, you have probably learned that breakdowns usually occur at the most inopportune times, such as when your pumper is on a third-alarm fire and the engine shuts down or your rescue/ambulance breaks down during a patient transport. This is classic Murphy's Law at work. I like to refer to corrosion as the silent enemy-kind of like the termites of aluminum, steel, and electrical systems. This article explains what corrosion really is, the serious damage it can cause, and what you can do to find it and prevent it from continuing along its costly and sometimes deadly path of destruction.

Affects More than Metal

Corrosion is a process that can affect most metals but can also affect other materials, such as ceramics or polymers. It is a gradual process that will totally destroy these materials because of a chemical reaction with the elements that surround it. When the material is metal, what occurs is electrochemical oxidation reacting to oxygen. This process is more commonly referred to as oxidation.

Most people are familiar with the term "rusting" and the reddish brown colors that become more and more visible as the process accelerates. This is the most common form of corrosion in metals that contain iron and in various alloys that are derived from it such as steel. Rust, or rusting, is the formation of iron oxides and is an example of electrochemical corrosion. Essentially what is occurring is an electrochemical transfer of electrons from the iron to oxygen. This electrochemical reaction is relatively slow. However, when salt and water are introduced, the process speeds up and can weaken and destroy substantially large steel structures faster than you would think possible. Think about structural components, such as the ERV's chassis. If equipped with an aerial device, the structural integrity of the chassis plays a critical role in the stability of the entire aerial device. Train your technicians to watch for any signs of rust or rust stains. If it is not an item on your preventive maintenance (PM) inspection sheet, consider adding it. You know the old adage: out of sight, out of mind.

The other phenomenon similar to corrosion that can wreak havoc on critical areas of your ERV is known as galvanic corrosion. This occurs when two different metals are in physical or electrical contact with each other and are exposed to air, moisture or water or even totally immersed in water. The water, when exposed to air and its natural components, will essentially become an electrolyte, which will serve as an electrical bridge to accelerate removal of material from the less noble of the metals. When salt, air, or road salt is introduced in the mix, it accelerates this electrochemical reaction. This process is very similar to electrolysis, and sometimes galvanic corrosion is referred to as electrolysis.

Protecting Components

There are ways to protect components from this phenomenon. Sacrificial anodes can be used, and various alloys are used in the construction of anodes, with zinc being a very common one. These are very common in the marine industry, and normally they are referred to as zincs. They have a very important job-protecting costly key components su

Alan M. Petrillo

Auxiliary power units (APUs)-small diesel engine and generator combinations that have been used for years on airliners, locomotives, and over-the-road trucks to handle electrical, heating, and air-conditioning while the vehicle is stationary-are making more frequent appearances in fire apparatus.

Manufacturers using APUs on fire vehicles say they are responding to requests from fire departments for ways to cut down on main engine idling time, saving fuel and reducing regeneration time.

Green Edge

Scott Oyen, vice president of sales for Rosenbauer, says his company introduced its Green Star idle reduction technology nearly three years ago, which can be incorporated into any vehicle Rosenbauer makes.

"The basis of the Green Star is in the electronics, where we take a diesel-driven generator and add the intelligence of electronics to turn the unit into a fuel saver," Oyen says. "Our diesel APU is designed to provide heating, air-conditioning, and 12- and 120-volt electrical while the vehicle's main chassis engine is shut off."

Donley Frederickson, Rosenbauer's national sales manager, points out, "Today's fire service is a constantly changing community organization where we've seen the role of fire departments take on more responsibilities for medical calls, rescues, and hazmat incidents, for example. Eighty percent of calls fire departments respond to result in fire apparatus needlessly idling for between 10 and 40 minutes per call."

(1) Rosenbauer offers an auxiliary power unit (APU) on its apparatus, controlled by its Green Star electronic technology and powered by a Kubota diesel engine. (Photo courtesy of Rosenbauer.)

Frederickson notes that engine manufacturers say a big block diesel engine uses a minimum of one gallon of fuel per hour of idling. An eight-kW diesel generator APU, he says, uses approximately one quart of fuel per hour while operating under a full load. He adds that an idling main engine puts more unspent diesel soot that occurs while the engine operates at cooler temperatures into the vehicle's diesel particulate filter (DPF). "While the APU doesn't alter the chemical makeup of diesel emissions," he says, "it does reduce the amount of nitrogen oxides (NOx) that are released overall."

Oyen notes that an APU can run off of many different fuels, but Rosenbauer chose diesel so its Green Star APU would run off the vehicle's chassis fuel tank. Besides the diesel-driven APU, Rosenbauer also makes two battery versions, called Smart Batteries-one sized to provide 12-volt power on a scene for warning and compartment lighting through lithium-ion batteries and another using Smart Technology lithium-polymer batteries that can power all lighting, including scene lighting, and some 120-volt usage on a vehicle.

"An APU can replace a vehicle's generator," Oyen says. "For instance, the Tacoma (WA) Fire Department doesn't put generators on its apparatus but rather uses Smart Batteries to run all their lighting needs," he says.

Green Star features fully integrated automatic engine controls, Oyen says, where an apparatus operator can have a hands-free system activation that automatically starts the APU and shuts down the main engine. If needed, he notes, the controls will restart the main chassis engine to prevent a low-voltage situation. Green Star can be operated in either automatic or manual modes.

Read more 946 0 Article rating: No rating Posted: Apr 1, 2013 The Impact of NFPA 1917 By Chad Brown Vice President, Sales & Marketing Braun Industries The talk of the industry for the past year and a half has been the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) 1917, Standard for Automotive Ambulance, specifications. Additionally, talk has revolved around what impact those specifications will have on the industry as a whole, the impact on the manufacturers, and ultimately the impact on the individual departments and agencies. I will touch on all three impacts as I have seen and experienced during the past year and a half. EMS Industry Regarding the impact on the emergency medical service (EMS) industry as a whole, we need to take a step back and ask what is or was the driver behind these new industry specifications. I believe the intent of the NFPA 1917 committee members, then and now, is to create a safer ambulance for patients and crew members. Having had numerous discussions with past and current members of the committee regarding some of the changes to the KKK-1822-Revision F specifications (the current specification that ambulance manufacturers build to), all the conversation and decisions revolved around safety. In the end, I believe we are all striving to make a safer ambulance for all. One distinct difference in the EMS community is that there is legislation at the state level on what defines an ambulance. What I mean by this is that the definition of an ambulance in Ohio vs. any other state can be completely different. There are state EMS directors and agencies that inspect the ambulances as they come into the respective states, and every state has some varying degree of differences, whereas on the fire side of the business, fire engines and aerials are not regulated at the state level. As manufacturers, we build to a set of generalized standards using the General Services Administration (GSA) specification KKK-1822-Rev. F as a starting point and go from there with each state's different regulations and definitions. Specifically regarding NFPA 1917, there are many new items within that standard with which we must comply. Some of the more prevalent items include tire pressure monitoring, seat belt monitoring, cabinet testing (10-G pull test in all four directions of the cabinet), outside oxygen storage only compartment, cabinet weight capacity labeling, approach angle, brake over angle, and departure angle of 10 degrees. Identifying Payload However, I think the biggest change is that the department or agency will have to identify the overall payload needed for the vehicle. With the KKK-1822-Rev. F specifications, the manufacturer would tell the department or agency the overall remaining payload and have guidelines based on the chassis the department selected. With NFPA 1917, the department or agency will work with the sales representative to define the specific equipment it is putting into the vehicle. There are predetermined weights for equipment and personnel that will help you determine your remaining payload listed in NFPA 1917. For a manufacturer that calculates front axle remaining payload, rear axle remaining payload, and overall remaining payload today, this is a rather big change in responsibility from the manufacturer communicating the remaining payload to end users. The department or agency is now responsible for communicating the desired payload to the manufacturer. I highly recommend that your committee fully investigate the weights of the equipment you choose to put into the ambulance and work with your sales representative to properly pick the right chassis with the appropriate gross vehicle weight rating for your department or agency. Primary Care Position Another significant change you will see or hear about from your sale representative will be a question your sales representative will ask: "What is your primary care position?" 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