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Posted: Aug 3, 2017

Encapsulator Agent Proves Safe and Effective on Transformer and Solar Panel Fires

Carl J. Haddon   Carl J. Haddon

I’ve been asked the question, “How does the topic of encapsulator agent correlate with the column title ‘To the Rescue’?” Great question, easy answer.

Webster’s Dictionary and Google define “rescue” as “coming to the aid of; save from imminent danger or imminent harm.” Technical rescue equipment and apparatus are typically what come to mind when you see my column title. Read on while I explore the possibility of changing the title of this column … or not.

Those we are sworn to serve are not the only ones who need rescue. The nature of our chosen profession puts us in harm’s way and imminent danger at every turn. With the new and increasing dangers, threats, and especially cancers facing fire, rescue, and emergency medical service personnel daily, I have chosen to seek out new and innovative products and equipment that not only can help those we respond to but also can help minimize threats to our (emergency responders’) health and well-being. I hope to showcase these goods and services here in my column. This is the first installment.

Encapsulator Agents

Electrical transformer explosions and fires are nothing new. Solar panel arrays and solar panel covered rooftops (especially commercial) are becoming more and more common across the country. Fires involving (always energized) solar panels are also on the rise. The average age of electrical transformers in the United States is 40 years old. Have you ever really looked to see just how many transformers exist in your response area? Because of age and degradation, we are seeing more and more of them catastrophically fail with resultant fires. These fires are typically difficult to fight because of the extremely high temperature of the spewing, burning, heavy oil inside the transformer and the very high temperature of the metal encasing the oil. Remember, too, that when the oil inside the transformer catches fire, it expands, causing a spewing and flowing (three-dimensional) fuel fire. This is to say nothing of the fact that it may or may not be energized. The good news is that you can (usually) have the power to these transformers cut. The problem is that sometimes it takes a while to get that power cut. Until now, these fires would often take hours and hours to fight.

Unlike electrical transformers, solar panels are 100 percent live 100 percent of the time. Basically, if light (most any light) is reaching solar panel cells, they should be considered and treated as energized. These panels often now feed lithium ion battery banks (the subject of a whole other article), which pose a new and VERY challenging firefight. With the aforementioned hazards and makeup of these fires, it has been proven that water, foam, and dry chemical extinguishing agents are most often ineffective and often contraindicated because of the presence of electrical current feedback potential.

Unlike these other extinguishment tools, (real) encapsulator agents form a cocoon around the water molecules (spherical micelles), which allows the agent to contact the heat source first, thereby “insulating” the water molecules from both heat and (under approved conditions) electricity. In other words, this technology allows for super rapid cooling of the oil and metal by way of “thermal conveyance” as opposed to plain water’s steam conversion. This rapid cooling allows for lowering the autoignition temperature of the heat source. Additionally, because of the polarity of the encapsulator agent’s molecular structure, the agent solution (3 percent) “encapsulates” the hydrocarbon fuel o

Read more
Posted: Aug 3, 2017

Encapsulator Agent Proves Safe and Effective on Transformer and Solar Panel Fires

Carl J. Haddon   Carl J. Haddon

I’ve been asked the question, “How does the topic of encapsulator agent correlate with the column title ‘To the Rescue’?” Great question, easy answer.

Webster’s Dictionary and Google define “rescue” as “coming to the aid of; save from imminent danger or imminent harm.” Technical rescue equipment and apparatus are typically what come to mind when you see my column title. Read on while I explore the possibility of changing the title of this column … or not.

Those we are sworn to serve are not the only ones who need rescue. The nature of our chosen profession puts us in harm’s way and imminent danger at every turn. With the new and increasing dangers, threats, and especially cancers facing fire, rescue, and emergency medical service personnel daily, I have chosen to seek out new and innovative products and equipment that not only can help those we respond to but also can help minimize threats to our (emergency responders’) health and well-being. I hope to showcase these goods and services here in my column. This is the first installment.

Encapsulator Agents

Electrical transformer explosions and fires are nothing new. Solar panel arrays and solar panel covered rooftops (especially commercial) are becoming more and more common across the country. Fires involving (always energized) solar panels are also on the rise. The average age of electrical transformers in the United States is 40 years old. Have you ever really looked to see just how many transformers exist in your response area? Because of age and degradation, we are seeing more and more of them catastrophically fail with resultant fires. These fires are typically difficult to fight because of the extremely high temperature of the spewing, burning, heavy oil inside the transformer and the very high temperature of the metal encasing the oil. Remember, too, that when the oil inside the transformer catches fire, it expands, causing a spewing and flowing (three-dimensional) fuel fire. This is to say nothing of the fact that it may or may not be energized. The good news is that you can (usually) have the power to these transformers cut. The problem is that sometimes it takes a while to get that power cut. Until now, these fires would often take hours and hours to fight.

Unlike electrical transformers, solar panels are 100 percent live 100 percent of the time. Basically, if light (most any light) is reaching solar panel cells, they should be considered and treated as energized. These panels often now feed lithium ion battery banks (the subject of a whole other article), which pose a new and VERY challenging firefight. With the aforementioned hazards and makeup of these fires, it has been proven that water, foam, and dry chemical extinguishing agents are most often ineffective and often contraindicated because of the presence of electrical current feedback potential.

Unlike these other extinguishment tools, (real) encapsulator agents form a cocoon around the water molecules (spherical micelles), which allows the agent to contact the heat source first, thereby “insulating” the water molecules from both heat and (under approved conditions) electricity. In other words, this technology allows for super rapid cooling of the oil and metal by way of “thermal conveyance” as opposed to plain water’s steam conversion. This rapid cooling allows for lowering the autoignition temperature of the heat source. Additionally, because of the polarity of the encapsulator agent’s molecular structure, the agent solution (3 percent) “encapsulates” the hydrocarbon fuel o

Read more
Posted: Aug 3, 2017

Encapsulator Agent Proves Safe and Effective on Transformer and Solar Panel Fires

Carl J. Haddon   Carl J. Haddon

I’ve been asked the question, “How does the topic of encapsulator agent correlate with the column title ‘To the Rescue’?” Great question, easy answer.

Webster’s Dictionary and Google define “rescue” as “coming to the aid of; save from imminent danger or imminent harm.” Technical rescue equipment and apparatus are typically what come to mind when you see my column title. Read on while I explore the possibility of changing the title of this column … or not.

Those we are sworn to serve are not the only ones who need rescue. The nature of our chosen profession puts us in harm’s way and imminent danger at every turn. With the new and increasing dangers, threats, and especially cancers facing fire, rescue, and emergency medical service personnel daily, I have chosen to seek out new and innovative products and equipment that not only can help those we respond to but also can help minimize threats to our (emergency responders’) health and well-being. I hope to showcase these goods and services here in my column. This is the first installment.

Encapsulator Agents

Electrical transformer explosions and fires are nothing new. Solar panel arrays and solar panel covered rooftops (especially commercial) are becoming more and more common across the country. Fires involving (always energized) solar panels are also on the rise. The average age of electrical transformers in the United States is 40 years old. Have you ever really looked to see just how many transformers exist in your response area? Because of age and degradation, we are seeing more and more of them catastrophically fail with resultant fires. These fires are typically difficult to fight because of the extremely high temperature of the spewing, burning, heavy oil inside the transformer and the very high temperature of the metal encasing the oil. Remember, too, that when the oil inside the transformer catches fire, it expands, causing a spewing and flowing (three-dimensional) fuel fire. This is to say nothing of the fact that it may or may not be energized. The good news is that you can (usually) have the power to these transformers cut. The problem is that sometimes it takes a while to get that power cut. Until now, these fires would often take hours and hours to fight.

Unlike electrical transformers, solar panels are 100 percent live 100 percent of the time. Basically, if light (most any light) is reaching solar panel cells, they should be considered and treated as energized. These panels often now feed lithium ion battery banks (the subject of a whole other article), which pose a new and VERY challenging firefight. With the aforementioned hazards and makeup of these fires, it has been proven that water, foam, and dry chemical extinguishing agents are most often ineffective and often contraindicated because of the presence of electrical current feedback potential.

Unlike these other extinguishment tools, (real) encapsulator agents form a cocoon around the water molecules (spherical micelles), which allows the agent to contact the heat source first, thereby “insulating” the water molecules from both heat and (under approved conditions) electricity. In other words, this technology allows for super rapid cooling of the oil and metal by way of “thermal conveyance” as opposed to plain water’s steam conversion. This rapid cooling allows for lowering the autoignition temperature of the heat source. Additionally, because of the polarity of the encapsulator agent’s molecular structure, the agent solution (3 percent) “encapsulates” the hydrocarbon fuel o

Read more
Posted: Aug 3, 2017

Understanding Fire Apparatus Braking Efficiency

By Chris Daly

To bring a fire apparatus to a stop, the driver must perceive a hazard in the road, react to the hazard in the road, and decelerate the vehicle to a stop.

The distance it takes the driver to decelerate to a stop is commonly called the “skid-to-stop distance.” To determine the skid-to-stop distance, an investigator must know three things: the coefficient of friction of the road (how “sticky” the road is), the slope of the road, and the braking efficiency of the vehicle.

This illustrates the difference in stopping distance between a passenger vehicle and a fire apparatus that are both skidding to a stop on a dry road. Note how much further the fire apparatus will skid. If the fire apparatus operator does not account for this added skid distance, he may find himself involved in a serious crash
This illustrates the difference in stopping distance between a passenger vehicle and a fire apparatus that are both skidding to a stop on a dry road. Note how much further the fire apparatus will skid. If the fire apparatus operator does not account for this added skid distance, he may find himself involved in a serious crash.

A vehicle’s braking efficiency plays a major role in determining skid distance. Braking efficiency is the amount of available roadway friction the vehicle can use as it skids to a stop. While most passenger vehicles are equipped with a hydraulic braking system that provides near 100 percent braking efficiency, commercial vehicles do not share this luxury. This is because of the rubber composition of a truck tire and the lag time of the air brake system.

Truck Tires

Truck tires are designed to carry heavy loads over long distances without wearing out. Truck tires are made out of a more durable rubber that makes them more resistant to tire wear. The downside to this more durable rubber is that it does not grip the road as well as a car tire. As a result, a truck tire will travel a farther distance if it skids on the road. While a car ti re will provide a smoother ride and grip the road better, the soft rubber tends to wear out more quickly.

Mechanical Lag Time

When a driver presses his foot on the brake pedal, there will be a time delay before the brakes fully engage. In a hydraulically braked vehicle, such as a passenger car, this lag time is negligible. It does not take much time for the hydraulic braking system to pressurize and engage the brakes. On the other hand, a vehicle equipped with air brakes will have a much longer lag time after the driver presses his foot on the brake pedal. This is because it takes more time for the air pressure to build inside the system and fully engage the brakes. Depending on the age and the condition of the vehicle, this lag time may be upward of a half second. If the vehicle is traveling at highway speeds, it may take more than 100 feet before the air brakes fully engage.

1 An engine from the West Whiteland Fire Company in Exton, Pennsylvania, approaches the skid testing area. When the driver reached the first set of cones, he forcefully applied the brakes and skid the vehicle to a stop. Police officers used speed timing devices to validate the data collected by the onboard recorders. (Photos by author
1 An engine from the West Whiteland Fire Company in Exton, Pennsylvania, approaches the skid test Read more
Posted: Aug 3, 2017

Understanding Fire Apparatus Braking Efficiency

By Chris Daly

To bring a fire apparatus to a stop, the driver must perceive a hazard in the road, react to the hazard in the road, and decelerate the vehicle to a stop.

The distance it takes the driver to decelerate to a stop is commonly called the “skid-to-stop distance.” To determine the skid-to-stop distance, an investigator must know three things: the coefficient of friction of the road (how “sticky” the road is), the slope of the road, and the braking efficiency of the vehicle.

This illustrates the difference in stopping distance between a passenger vehicle and a fire apparatus that are both skidding to a stop on a dry road. Note how much further the fire apparatus will skid. If the fire apparatus operator does not account for this added skid distance, he may find himself involved in a serious crash
This illustrates the difference in stopping distance between a passenger vehicle and a fire apparatus that are both skidding to a stop on a dry road. Note how much further the fire apparatus will skid. If the fire apparatus operator does not account for this added skid distance, he may find himself involved in a serious crash.

A vehicle’s braking efficiency plays a major role in determining skid distance. Braking efficiency is the amount of available roadway friction the vehicle can use as it skids to a stop. While most passenger vehicles are equipped with a hydraulic braking system that provides near 100 percent braking efficiency, commercial vehicles do not share this luxury. This is because of the rubber composition of a truck tire and the lag time of the air brake system.

Truck Tires

Truck tires are designed to carry heavy loads over long distances without wearing out. Truck tires are made out of a more durable rubber that makes them more resistant to tire wear. The downside to this more durable rubber is that it does not grip the road as well as a car tire. As a result, a truck tire will travel a farther distance if it skids on the road. While a car ti re will provide a smoother ride and grip the road better, the soft rubber tends to wear out more quickly.

Mechanical Lag Time

When a driver presses his foot on the brake pedal, there will be a time delay before the brakes fully engage. In a hydraulically braked vehicle, such as a passenger car, this lag time is negligible. It does not take much time for the hydraulic braking system to pressurize and engage the brakes. On the other hand, a vehicle equipped with air brakes will have a much longer lag time after the driver presses his foot on the brake pedal. This is because it takes more time for the air pressure to build inside the system and fully engage the brakes. Depending on the age and the condition of the vehicle, this lag time may be upward of a half second. If the vehicle is traveling at highway speeds, it may take more than 100 feet before the air brakes fully engage.

1 An engine from the West Whiteland Fire Company in Exton, Pennsylvania, approaches the skid testing area. When the driver reached the first set of cones, he forcefully applied the brakes and skid the vehicle to a stop. Police officers used speed timing devices to validate the data collected by the onboard recorders. (Photos by author
1 An engine from the West Whiteland Fire Company in Exton, Pennsylvania, approaches the skid test Read more
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