By Carl Nix

Working in the fire service for 30 years has allowed me the privilege of watching it grow and modernize. With growth comes greater responsibility. Today’s fire service is equipped to deal with man-made and natural disasters because of better training, equipment, and tools.

Thermal imaging is one of the modern tools of the fire service that still needs to be fully embraced by firefighters. You don’t need a thermal imaging camera (TIC) to fight a fire, but using a TIC could increase safety, efficiency, and effectiveness.

Firefighter safety is the first and most critical benefit of using a TIC. Becoming lost or disoriented inside a burning structure can be a harrowing experience. The TIC can help. The primary cause of firefighter disorientation is the lack of visibility. Without smoke, navigating a building is a pretty easy task. Now, add thick, black smoke, and the task is difficult. This is where the TIC can be the most helpful. A TIC gives you the ability to see the orientation of the structure, including specific rooms and furnishings, allowing for safer maneuvering. Secondary means of egress are easy to locate from across the room. Issues of structural integrity such as sagging ceilings or obstacles are easy to identify. With all of these benefits, it makes sense to have a TIC with you at all times.

Let’s look at how you can use a TIC when entering a smoke-filled structure: Scan the room with your TIC once you enter the structure using a three-pass technique. The first pass is across the ceiling looking for heat accumulation, potential vent points, and structural integrity. The second pass is across the middle of the room looking at the physical layout and its contents as well as the location of any secondary egress points. The third pass is across the floor looking for collapsed victims and any special hazards. All three scans take less than 10 seconds but are important to maintaining proper orientation with your TIC. The actual navigation of the room should not be done with your TIC. That’s correct. I would not use the TIC for the actual act of navigation, since you can move quicker without it once you know the layout of the room.

By using your basic firefighting skills and confirming, by touch, the mental map that you developed during the second pass with the TIC, you will be able to move faster through the structure. If something were to happen to the TIC such as if you drop it or lose it, if the battery dies, or if the TIC malfunctions, you can get back because you know how you got there. You know where the secondary egresses are because you physically touched them as you navigated. As you move around the room, you should pause and rescan the room using the three-pass approach so that you can observe changing fire conditions.

1 During this search, the TIC showed a hot spot in the ceiling, which turned out to be fire extension into the attic. Had the crew not used a TIC, this fire may not have been spotted early. (Photo courtesy of Bullard.)

Let’s review a scenario: A department answered a call for a structure fire and, on arrival, the first-due company observed a two-story apartment building with the front door open and smoke showing through the door. Residents of the building were out of the structure standing on the sidewalk. The engine company, with a TIC

By Alan M. Petrillo

The United States Navy’s Office of Naval Research (ONR) Biorobotics Program, working in cooperation with engineering students and faculty at Virginia Tech University and the University of Pennsylvania, has developed an adult-sized, humanoid robot that carries a hose to fight live fires aboard U.S. Navy ships.

SAFFiR

The Shipboard Autonomous Firefighting Robot (SAFFiR) is constructed from aluminum; stands five feet, 10 inches tall; weighs 170 pounds; and can send a one-inch blast of water at flames without stopping, faltering, or falling.

SAFFiR uses three types of sensors to navigate the spaces of a ship and locate the source of a fire, says Tom McKenna, PhD, program officer for the ONR Biorobotics Program. “SAFFiR uses a digital camera and a thermal imaging unit to see through the smoke and to detect heat and a scanning radar to allow for accurate mapping,” McKenna says. “The robot has 33-degree freedom of movement; it can walk, bend its legs, swivel its head, hold a hose, and operate a hose with its hands.”

1 This five-foot, 10-inch-tall robot, designated the Shipboard Autonomous Firefighting Robot (SAFFiR), successfully demonstrated its firefighting ability aboard a U.S. Navy testing facility. The robot is being developed by the Navy’s Office of Naval Research Biorobotics Program and Virginia Tech University. (Photos courtesy of Virginia Tech University.)

In 2014, ONR put SAFFiR through a demonstration test aboard the USS Shadwell, a U.S. Navy experimental facility that has a fire control laboratory where suppression technologies can be demonstrated on live fires. During the demonstration, SAFFiR carried a one-inch hoseline and nozzle to suppress a fire using a concentration of water and foam. McKenna points out that SAFFiR has not been fire-hardened yet. “The robot was standing at the door of the compartment when it was suppressing the fire on the USS Shadwell,” he says. “But, all the personal protection equipment that human firefighters use to fight fires can be applied to the robot too.”

Dennis Hong, PhD, a professor at UCLA and founder of its Robotics & Mechanisms Laboratory (RoMeLa), helped develop SAFFiR when he was a professor at Virginia Tech. Hong notes that the shipboard environment is designed by humans for humans. “Hallways are very narrow, there are sharp 90-degree turns, ladders and stairways are impediments-all of which are an impossible environment for wheels or tank treads,” Hong says. “So, we designed a humanoid robot that could go everywhere on a ship that a human could.”

2 Brian Lattimer, vice president of research and development for Jensen Hughes and affiliate professor and principal investigator Read more 535 0 Article rating: No rating Posted: Feb 11, 2016 U.S. Navy Improves Robotic Firefighter to Fight Shipboard Fires at Sea By Alan M. Petrillo The United States Navy’s Office of Naval Research (ONR) Biorobotics Program, working in cooperation with engineering students and faculty at Virginia Tech University and the University of Pennsylvania, has developed an adult-sized, humanoid robot that carries a hose to fight live fires aboard U.S. Navy ships. SAFFiR The Shipboard Autonomous Firefighting Robot (SAFFiR) is constructed from aluminum; stands five feet, 10 inches tall; weighs 170 pounds; and can send a one-inch blast of water at flames without stopping, faltering, or falling. SAFFiR uses three types of sensors to navigate the spaces of a ship and locate the source of a fire, says Tom McKenna, PhD, program officer for the ONR Biorobotics Program. “SAFFiR uses a digital camera and a thermal imaging unit to see through the smoke and to detect heat and a scanning radar to allow for accurate mapping,” McKenna says. “The robot has 33-degree freedom of movement; it can walk, bend its legs, swivel its head, hold a hose, and operate a hose with its hands.” 1 This five-foot, 10-inch-tall robot, designated the Shipboard Autonomous Firefighting Robot (SAFFiR), successfully demonstrated its firefighting ability aboard a U.S. Navy testing facility. The robot is being developed by the Navy’s Office of Naval Research Biorobotics Program and Virginia Tech University. (Photos courtesy of Virginia Tech University.) In 2014, ONR put SAFFiR through a demonstration test aboard the USS Shadwell, a U.S. Navy experimental facility that has a fire control laboratory where suppression technologies can be demonstrated on live fires. During the demonstration, SAFFiR carried a one-inch hoseline and nozzle to suppress a fire using a concentration of water and foam. McKenna points out that SAFFiR has not been fire-hardened yet. “The robot was standing at the door of the compartment when it was suppressing the fire on the USS Shadwell,” he says. “But, all the personal protection equipment that human firefighters use to fight fires can be applied to the robot too.” Dennis Hong, PhD, a professor at UCLA and founder of its Robotics & Mechanisms Laboratory (RoMeLa), helped develop SAFFiR when he was a professor at Virginia Tech. Hong notes that the shipboard environment is designed by humans for humans. “Hallways are very narrow, there are sharp 90-degree turns, ladders and stairways are impediments-all of which are an impossible environment for wheels or tank treads,” Hong says. “So, we designed a humanoid robot that could go everywhere on a ship that a human could.” 2 Brian Lattimer, vice president of research and development for Jensen Hughes and affiliate professor and principal investigator Read more 477 0 Article rating: No rating Posted: Feb 11, 2016 U.S. Navy Improves Robotic Firefighter to Fight Shipboard Fires at Sea By Alan M. Petrillo The United States Navy’s Office of Naval Research (ONR) Biorobotics Program, working in cooperation with engineering students and faculty at Virginia Tech University and the University of Pennsylvania, has developed an adult-sized, humanoid robot that carries a hose to fight live fires aboard U.S. Navy ships. SAFFiR The Shipboard Autonomous Firefighting Robot (SAFFiR) is constructed from aluminum; stands five feet, 10 inches tall; weighs 170 pounds; and can send a one-inch blast of water at flames without stopping, faltering, or falling. SAFFiR uses three types of sensors to navigate the spaces of a ship and locate the source of a fire, says Tom McKenna, PhD, program officer for the ONR Biorobotics Program. “SAFFiR uses a digital camera and a thermal imaging unit to see through the smoke and to detect heat and a scanning radar to allow for accurate mapping,” McKenna says. “The robot has 33-degree freedom of movement; it can walk, bend its legs, swivel its head, hold a hose, and operate a hose with its hands.” 1 This five-foot, 10-inch-tall robot, designated the Shipboard Autonomous Firefighting Robot (SAFFiR), successfully demonstrated its firefighting ability aboard a U.S. Navy testing facility. The robot is being developed by the Navy’s Office of Naval Research Biorobotics Program and Virginia Tech University. (Photos courtesy of Virginia Tech University.) In 2014, ONR put SAFFiR through a demonstration test aboard the USS Shadwell, a U.S. Navy experimental facility that has a fire control laboratory where suppression technologies can be demonstrated on live fires. During the demonstration, SAFFiR carried a one-inch hoseline and nozzle to suppress a fire using a concentration of water and foam. McKenna points out that SAFFiR has not been fire-hardened yet. “The robot was standing at the door of the compartment when it was suppressing the fire on the USS Shadwell,” he says. “But, all the personal protection equipment that human firefighters use to fight fires can be applied to the robot too.” Dennis Hong, PhD, a professor at UCLA and founder of its Robotics & Mechanisms Laboratory (RoMeLa), helped develop SAFFiR when he was a professor at Virginia Tech. Hong notes that the shipboard environment is designed by humans for humans. “Hallways are very narrow, there are sharp 90-degree turns, ladders and stairways are impediments-all of which are an impossible environment for wheels or tank treads,” Hong says. “So, we designed a humanoid robot that could go everywhere on a ship that a human could.” 2 Brian Lattimer, vice president of research and development for Jensen Hughes and affiliate professor and principal investigator Read more 365 0 Article rating: No rating Posted: Feb 11, 2016 A "Hot Mess" By Robert Tutterow “Hot Mess” describes the current state of firefighter personal protective equipment (PPE) above the shoulder area. For context, the first of 11 statements issued by the Firefighter Cancer Support Network paper titled, “Taking Action Against Cancer in the Fire Service-WHAT IMMEDIATE ACTIONS CAN I TAKE TO PROTECT MYSELF,” states: “Use [self-contained breathing apparatus] SCBA from initial attack to finish of overhaul. (Not wearing SCBA in both active and post-fire environments is the most dangerous voluntary activity in the fire service today.)” For years, it was believed that heart attacks were the leading firefighter killers. Today we know the biggest killer is cancer. And, now for the hot mess: the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) technical committee for structural and proximity firefighting protective clothing and equipment met last September. Among the many public inputs (proposals) were a few to take face shields, flip-downs, and goggles off helmets. All of the proposals were rejected (resolved). However, an examination of the intent is in order. The current version of NFPA 1971, Standard on Protective Ensembles for Structural Fire Fighting and Proximity Fire Fighting, states that there are six components to a helmet: shell; energy absorbing system; retention system; fluorescent and retroreflective trim; ear covers; and a faceshield, goggles, or both. Goggles Goggles are far superior for eye protection than face shields and flip-downs. No firefighter should be without goggles that meet American National Standards Institute/International Safety Equipment Association (ANSI/ISEA) Z87.1, American National Standard for Occupational and Educational Personal Eye and Face Protection Devices. They are crucial for activities that do not require an SCBA face piece. By the way, the SCBA face piece provides excellent eye and full-face protection. However, there is an inherent cancer risk if the goggles are attached to the helmet. When stowed on the helmet, they are subject to all the carcinogens found in the firefighting environment. Then, when needed, they are applied directly to skin of the firefighter. It is known that the head area is the most vulnerable place for carcinogens to enter the body. To underscore this risk, the third statement of the 11 states: “Use Wet-Nap or baby wipes to remove as much soot as possible from head, neck, jaw, throat, underarms, and hands immediately and while still on the scene.” In addition, when attached to the helmet, they are subject to scratches and abrasions in the fire environment as well as during other routine activities such as the simple task of removing the helmet in and out of a locker or other place of storage. NFPA 1971 also states that “Goggles shall be permitted to be unattached, not assembled to the helmet.” Storing goggles in a place other than the helmet is compliant with NFPA. It is my opinion that goggles should never be stored on the helmet. At best, this is an afterthought attachment that adds to the helmet’s weight and overall profile. Face Shields NFPA 1971 requires that if a face shield is used-there has to be a face shield, goggles, or both-it “shall be attached to the helmet.” There are several negative aspects of current face shields. They provide only partial protection. However, in my opinion, “partial” protection should never be allowed in an NFPA PPE standard. How does partial face protection protect your eyes when a pressurized hydraulic line ruptures? I understand limited protection because all elements have their limits. They also add unnecessary weight and increase the helmet’s profile. They adversely impact the helmet’s center of gravity and create the “bobblehead” effect. 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