By Grady North

It’s no secret that fire apparatus are becoming more multifunctional as budgets and personnel allocations decline - combining rescue trucks with pumpers (rescue-pumpers) or pumpers with aerials (quints).

However, one area that is often overlooked is the increasing amount of equipment that is carried on the apparatus and the effect this has on vehicle weight.

Additional Weight Ramifications

It is easy to add a rescue tool to the front bumper tray or put some air bags and cribbing in a compartment - just a few hundred pounds extra here and there. Later come some self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) bottle racks and maybe tool boards. Before you know it, a few hundred pounds become several thousand pounds.

NFPA 1901, Standard for Automotive Fire Apparatus, has made provisions for estimating sample equipment and hose in-service weight allowances on a fire apparatus. It also spells out the purchaser’s responsibility for determining specifically what the correct equipment and hose weight allowance should be on its particular apparatus. Specifically, NFPA 1901 states:

12.1.1: The manufacturer shall establish the estimated in-service weight during the design of the fire apparatus.

12.1.2: The estimated in-service weight shall include the following:

1. The chassis, body, and tank(s).
2. Full fuel, lubricant, and other chassis or component fluid tanks or reservoirs.
3. Full water and other agent tanks.
4. * 250 pounds (114 kg) in each seating position.
5. Fixed equipment such as pumps, aerial devices, generators, reels, and air systems as installed.
6. Ground ladders, suction hose, and designed hose loads in their hosebeds and on their reels.
7. An allowance for miscellaneous equipment that is the greatest of the values shown in Table 12.1.2, a purchaser-provided list of equipment to be carried with weights, or a purchaser-specified miscellaneous equipment allowance.

12.1.3: The manufacturer shall engineer and design the fire apparatus such that the completed apparatus, when loaded to its estimated in-service weight with all movable weights distributed as close as is practical to their intended in-service configuration, does not exceed the gross vehicle weight rating (GVWR).

12.1.4: A final manufacturer’s certification of the GVWR or gross combined weight rating (GCWR), along with a certification of each gross axle weight rating (GAWR), shall be supplied on a label affixed to the vehicle.

* The 250 pounds (114 kg) in each seating position does not include the weight of SCBA and tools carried by a firefighter.

Miscellaneous Equipment Allowance

Table 12.1.2 spells out the miscellaneous equipment allowance for all types of apparatus, from initial attack to tankers to quints. For simplicity, let’s look at pumpers. There are two categories.

The apparatus manufacturer can tell you the total capacity of the compartment arrangement you have selected in cubic feet. If you do not inform

By Alan M. Petrillo

As more development in western states continues in heavily timbered areas, the need for wildland urban interface (WUI) fire apparatus increases.

The confluence of higher densities of populated structures in forested areas presents fire departments with challenges not faced in typical wildland fire scenarios. The Insurance Information Institute reports that during the first three months of this year, wildfires in the United States increased by 240 percent over the same period in 2016. Manufacturers are responding to these challenges by building fire apparatus designed to meet the WUI needs of departments to allow them to handle the sometimes conflicting missions of structural protection and wildland firefighting.

1 HME, Inc., makes WUI engines for some customers that are Type 3 engines with some elements of Type 1 rigs with, for instance, a 500-gallon water tank and a 1,000-gpm two-stage pump. (Photos 1 and 2 courtesy of HME, Inc.)

Type 1, Type 3, or Both

2 Many Type 6 wildland vehicles that HME builds are upsizing the pumps on their rigs, with some carrying a 1,500-gpm midship pump in addition to a 150-gpm auxiliary diesel pump for pump and roll.

Ken Lenz, vice president of engineering for HME Inc., says that some wildland and urban interface customers are trying to expand the capabilities of the Type 3 engines they order. “Typically, a Type 3 has a 500-gallon-per-minute (gpm) two-stage pump on it, but a lot of these departments are asking for a 1,000-gpm pump,” Lenz says, “with the idea that they want a dual-purpose engine that can handle both wildland fires and structural fires. So, I think we’re going to see a blending of Type 3 and Type 1 engines in the future as a way of satisfying departments that want a rig that can meet both types of fires.”

3 Rosenbauer built this Type 1 short-wheelbase WUI engine with Type 3 attributes for the Amador (CA) Fire Protection District. (Photo courtesy of Rosenbauer.)

Doug Feldman, western region sales manager for Rosenbauer, notes that Rosenbauer is seeing a trend toward more four-wheel-drive WUI apparatus as well as Type 3 engines with Type 1 characteristics. “Departments want to be able to respond to wildland fires but also to be able to use the vehicle for regular fire calls. They want an all-purpose vehicle that can go out on a wildland strike team but also work in the city or WUI for structure protection.” Feldman cites Rose

By Alan M. Petrillo

As more development in western states continues in heavily timbered areas, the need for wildland urban interface (WUI) fire apparatus increases.

The confluence of higher densities of populated structures in forested areas presents fire departments with challenges not faced in typical wildland fire scenarios. The Insurance Information Institute reports that during the first three months of this year, wildfires in the United States increased by 240 percent over the same period in 2016. Manufacturers are responding to these challenges by building fire apparatus designed to meet the WUI needs of departments to allow them to handle the sometimes conflicting missions of structural protection and wildland firefighting.

1 HME, Inc., makes WUI engines for some customers that are Type 3 engines with some elements of Type 1 rigs with, for instance, a 500-gallon water tank and a 1,000-gpm two-stage pump. (Photos 1 and 2 courtesy of HME, Inc.)

Type 1, Type 3, or Both

2 Many Type 6 wildland vehicles that HME builds are upsizing the pumps on their rigs, with some carrying a 1,500-gpm midship pump in addition to a 150-gpm auxiliary diesel pump for pump and roll.

Ken Lenz, vice president of engineering for HME Inc., says that some wildland and urban interface customers are trying to expand the capabilities of the Type 3 engines they order. “Typically, a Type 3 has a 500-gallon-per-minute (gpm) two-stage pump on it, but a lot of these departments are asking for a 1,000-gpm pump,” Lenz says, “with the idea that they want a dual-purpose engine that can handle both wildland fires and structural fires. So, I think we’re going to see a blending of Type 3 and Type 1 engines in the future as a way of satisfying departments that want a rig that can meet both types of fires.”

3 Rosenbauer built this Type 1 short-wheelbase WUI engine with Type 3 attributes for the Amador (CA) Fire Protection District. (Photo courtesy of Rosenbauer.)

Doug Feldman, western region sales manager for Rosenbauer, notes that Rosenbauer is seeing a trend toward more four-wheel-drive WUI apparatus as well as Type 3 engines with Type 1 characteristics. “Departments want to be able to respond to wildland fires but also to be able to use the vehicle for regular fire calls. They want an all-purpose vehicle that can go out on a wildland strike team but also work in the city or WUI for structure protection.” Feldman cites Rose

By Alan M. Petrillo

As more development in western states continues in heavily timbered areas, the need for wildland urban interface (WUI) fire apparatus increases.

The confluence of higher densities of populated structures in forested areas presents fire departments with challenges not faced in typical wildland fire scenarios. The Insurance Information Institute reports that during the first three months of this year, wildfires in the United States increased by 240 percent over the same period in 2016. Manufacturers are responding to these challenges by building fire apparatus designed to meet the WUI needs of departments to allow them to handle the sometimes conflicting missions of structural protection and wildland firefighting.

1 HME, Inc., makes WUI engines for some customers that are Type 3 engines with some elements of Type 1 rigs with, for instance, a 500-gallon water tank and a 1,000-gpm two-stage pump. (Photos 1 and 2 courtesy of HME, Inc.)

Type 1, Type 3, or Both

2 Many Type 6 wildland vehicles that HME builds are upsizing the pumps on their rigs, with some carrying a 1,500-gpm midship pump in addition to a 150-gpm auxiliary diesel pump for pump and roll.

Ken Lenz, vice president of engineering for HME Inc., says that some wildland and urban interface customers are trying to expand the capabilities of the Type 3 engines they order. “Typically, a Type 3 has a 500-gallon-per-minute (gpm) two-stage pump on it, but a lot of these departments are asking for a 1,000-gpm pump,” Lenz says, “with the idea that they want a dual-purpose engine that can handle both wildland fires and structural fires. So, I think we’re going to see a blending of Type 3 and Type 1 engines in the future as a way of satisfying departments that want a rig that can meet both types of fires.”

3 Rosenbauer built this Type 1 short-wheelbase WUI engine with Type 3 attributes for the Amador (CA) Fire Protection District. (Photo courtesy of Rosenbauer.)

Doug Feldman, western region sales manager for Rosenbauer, notes that Rosenbauer is seeing a trend toward more four-wheel-drive WUI apparatus as well as Type 3 engines with Type 1 characteristics. “Departments want to be able to respond to wildland fires but also to be able to use the vehicle for regular fire calls. They want an all-purpose vehicle that can go out on a wildland strike team but also work in the city or WUI for structure protection.” Feldman cites Rose

Chris Mc Loone

Back in June 2015, I was fortunate to attend my first Interschutz exhibition in Hannover, Germany. Having seen pictures through the years of European fire apparatus, attending the show afforded me the opportunity to get up close to these rigs to have a better understanding of the differences between them and fire apparatus designed in the States.

Although I didn’t get the impression that they were built for comfort, I did note how organized they were from an equipment standpoint. These trucks were packed from top to bottom.

Recently, we shared a video on our Facebook page of a walkaround of a European fire truck. It garnered a bit of attention, but a few of the comments concerned me. Of course, there were the requisite comments about how what works there does not work here and the typical comments about the truck’s appearance - one compared it to a delivery truck. The opinions that concerned me involved how long it would take firefighters to find equipment on the truck. One person commented how well organized this rig is but that it would take his firefighters an hour to find something - and that many of his firefighters don’t know where things are now on their apparatus. Another commented, “Now ask someone for a gas meter … four hours later.”

As a general rule, I take just about everything I read on social media with a grain of salt, and obviously many of the comments regarding the truck are tongue in cheek. I’m certainly not contending that all fire apparatus be organized like European fire trucks. However, the comment about the firefighters not knowing where things are on the truck they have now is concerning. The only way for us to properly do our jobs is to train as often as possible and know where things are once we get to the fireground. I remember when I was a rookie a seasoned firefighter advised me to know where everything was on the truck. He said when the chief turns around and tells me to get something and I can’t find it, he won’t ask me again. The bigger the truck, the more equipment is usually carried. And, with multipurpose apparatus continuing to become more and more prevalent, the more nooks and crannies are filled with equipment that used to be on two vehicles. Although these posts did not condone not knowing where equipment is, the comments’ flippant nature is almost acceptance of the fact. Not good. And, not good to air that kind of dirty laundry on social media.

A Word about Seat Belts

We lost a volunteer firefighter recently after the fire apparatus he was operating left the road on which it was traveling and overturned several times. It was a case of overcompensating when the rig momentarily left the roadway. Two firefighters were riding in the truck, one suffering serious injuries, and the other, the driver, losing his life. Both firefighters were ejected, and neither was wearing his seat belt. The driver was 33, and the passenger 27.

We cannot lose firefighters to lack of seat belt use. No matter the age of the truck or your age, there is no excuse today to not wear your seat belt to and from an emergency scene whether you are in a fire apparatus or another vehicle. It only takes a second to do. Officers, don’t let the apparatus leave the house until everyone is belted in. Don’t fall prey to the argument that it is harder to don self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) when wearing a seat belt. Don’t believe that the beeping you hear on newer apparatus will stop once you’re on the road. Drivers, follow the same rule. Fire apparatus operator