Chief Concerns Richard Marinucci
If you ask “What is the primary job of an engine company?” you will likely get a response that the role is about water delivery to a fire, including establishing a water supply and deploying attack lines regardless of what tactical mode you are operating in—offensive or defensive.
In virtually every fire department, that is an oversimplification of what is expected from these companies and vehicles. Engines have become the “do all” base of operations for all types of emergencies from the standard fire response to structures on fire, EMS calls, and special rescue. This creates some challenges to evaluate and address.
I have frequently been asked by city managers, mayors, council members, and financial officers why fire trucks cost so much. There is no simple answer—there are governmental regulations, technological advances, normal inflation, and the like. Also, departments are asking for a lot more functions from their fire engines than ever before. The vehicles need to be built to accommodate the additional responsibilities, which add components to increase gross vehicle weight, power more tools and equipment, and create space.
There is probably no definitive data on the number of departments that do not have specialized and separate engine and truck companies, but one could reasonably assume that beyond metro departments, most organizations have multifunction engine companies. Departments have limited resources including staffing and funds for aerial apparatus, so they have no choice but to include all the necessary equipment on engines for the types of emergencies they will likely face.
At structure fires, certain truck company jobs must be performed. Specific tools are required to do this efficiently and effectively—ladders to reach the bulk of roofs and floors or buildings in the community, saws, forcible entry tools, and the like. There are creative ways to make space but there are limitations and challenges. In fire situations, time is an important factor. Overstuffed compartments can cause delays. Also, consider methods to power the tools such as fuel storage and electrical.
Many departments have tried to maximize the value of engines by adding equipment for services other than water delivery. This is almost always a better option than trying to purchase and maintain a fleet where all the vehicles have limited functions.
One area of added responsibilities that has changed engines is EMS. The need for space and energy is definitely a design and maintenance challenge. Depending on the level of service, multiple compartments may be needed for equipment. This can include simple “jump boxes” as well as advanced life support supplies. Besides space considerations, security for drug boxes is essential. Some equipment requires charging, so electrical needs are an important factor. Having enough power going to the proper compartments should be part of new truck specifications; if it is not, research after-market add-ons. Electrical issues can cause headaches for a long time.