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Type 3 and Type 6 wildland engines are the mainstay apparatus used by fire departments in battling wildland fires, whether the fires are large, small, or somewhere in between.
The types of wildland fire equipment carried on Type 3 and Type 6 wildland pumpers may differ depending on the geographic location of the fire department and the types of hazards it faces. The considerations of pumping power and capacity on the rigs will likewise depend on the specific needs of the department and the territory it covers.
What are Type 3 and Type 6 wildland engines? The National Wildfire Coordinating Group (NWCG) categories information on fire apparatus into groups and provides common options often requested by fire managers. It classifies Type 1 and 2 engine types as structural engines and Types 3 through 7 as wildland engines.
For a Type 3 wildland engine, the NWCG says its minimum performance requirements are a 500-gallon water tank, a minimum pump flow of 150 gallons per minute (gpm) at 150 pounds per square inch (psi), 1,000 feet of 1½-inch hose, 500 feet of 1-inch hose, and three-person staffing at a minimum.
For a Type 6 wildland engine, NWCG guidelines say the rig should have at least a 150-gallon water tank, a pump with a minimum flow of 50 gpm at 100 psi, 300 feet of 1½-inch hose, 300 feet of 1-inch hose, and a minimum crew of two persons.
So, what are the key features that wildland firefighters should look for in wildland pumps on Type 3 and Type 6 wildland engines? The answer to that question depends on several factors, including the following:
1 The WATERAX MARK-3 Watson Edition pump has an ergonomic carriage system to reduce the risk of back injuries. (Photos courtesy of WATERAX.)
2 The WATERAX B2X-23V wildland pump is powered by a Briggs & Stratton 23-hp Vanguard engine.
3 The WATERAX BB-4 high-pressure pump can typically be found on Type 6 wildland engines.
- Whether the pump is destined to be a built-in unit on a Type 3 or Type 6 wildland engine.
- If it should be a portable pump that can be offloaded to provide a water supply from draft or to supply extended hoselines off the rig.
- If it must be light enough to be backpacked by wildland firefighters into the fire line.
With NWCG general guidelines on minimum performance in mind, there are several important considerations when spec’ing a Type 3 or Type 6 rig for wildland firefighting. Jason Field, owner of Field Commercial Repair and a wildland firefighter since 1998, says fire departments must consider the apparatus that are specific to their needs depending on where they are located in the country, the type of fire load they might face, and the terrain they will have to maneuver through. “You have to consider the weight of the rig, especially if you are running it in sandy or loose soil areas; the vehicle has to be very mobile and maneuverable; four-wheel-drive is a must;the pump must be able to draft from a static water source; and the vehicle must have pump-and-roll capabilities,” he says.
Field notes that when his company specs and builds Type 6 wildland engines, it typically includes a built-in WATERAX STRIKER™ 2 Plus two-stage high-pressure pump that can deliver 97 gpm at 100 psi (this meets the performance criteria for a Type