chief concerns richard marinucci

Always attack a fire from the unburned side. How many firefighters learned this over the years?

But, research indicates that putting water on the fire, regardless of what direction, will make the situation better. Now there may be some perils from arbitrary application of water, but the fact remains that the best way to gain control is to get water to the fire as quickly as possible. Besides fire control, rescue profiles are enhanced for those sheltering in place. This is a shift in traditional thinking and, like anything else, one size does not fit all. There are various considerations when selecting the appropriate tactic including staffing levels, fire location and size, wind speed and direction, and available water supply. We can also include competence on that list.

Engine Company Tasks

Engine companies are usually the group assigned the task of water delivery. The simplest explanation of this responsibility is to get the water from the source to the fire. The source can be tank water on the engine, water from a tanker truck, a hydrant system, or water from a fixed source such as a pond. The source is important in the decision-making process as staffing and training come into play. Organizations with limited staffing are challenged to make hydrant lays and hookups while still trying to lay lines to the fire. Departments with minimal experience in tanker shuttle operations or drafting from a fixed source will not be able to quickly establish a continuous water source. Even areas with good mutual aid and a planned shuttle operation have to consider response times that can delay establishing a water supply early. All of this needs to be considered—and considered quickly—when selecting the appropriate tactic for water application.

Staffing

Staffing levels and the ability to assemble the right number of people within certain time frames affect tactical decisions. Some organizations may have one or two people initially on an engine. Even with three, there are limitations. While ultimate staffing on the fireground may appear to be adequate or even in line with National Fire Protection Association standards, understaffed first-arriving vehicles will have limits to their tactical options. This also means that the Occupational Safety and Health Administration regulation of two in/two out cannot be met until additional resources arrive. Where do the priorities lie—attack line or water source? This will depend on the experience level of the arriving units and their ability to make a fast assessment of the conditions. The size and location of the fire are the main factors. Engine companies can carry varying amounts of tank water. Is there enough to get a quick knockdown? If so, what is the best way to accomplish this?

Equipment

Departments establish their best means of rapid deployment based on not only staffing but the equipment carried. Preconnected lines that are manageable by the staffing levels are intended for specific fires in structures—usually for an interior attack. The size of the lines used must be maneuverable by the personnel on hand. For example, charged 2½-inch lines are extremely heavy and are not easily relocated or advanced by most firefighters. Without adequate staffing to move the lines, they will end up in a fixed location. This may be okay if it fits the overall strategy. The decision