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Posted: Jul 16, 2025

Fire Service Thermal Imagers and the Myth of Temperature Measurement

MANFRED KIHN

Many of us in the fire service have said repeatedly that thermal imagers (TIs) are not thermometers, yet for some reason when a firefighter looks through the display of his TI, he thinks that the digital number he sees is the temperature of the object he is looking at.

The digital temperature measurement feature on any fire service TI should not be used for exterior and interior structural firefighting as the use of this feature MAY CAUSE ERRORS IN JUDGMENT, WHICH MAY RESULT IN SERIOUS INJURY OR DEATH.

National Fire Protection Aassociation (NFPA) 1801, Standard on Thermal Imagers for the Fire Service (2021 ed.), removed the Spot Numeric Temperature Indictor (digital number) from the TI’s Basic Mode but does allow it to return when the TI is switched to TI Basic Plus mode.

Older model fire service TIs that are not NFPA-compliant will be equipped with a spot numeric temperature measurement feature. NFPA-compliant TIs will use a heat color reference bar indicator and digital readout in Basic Plus Mode only as they will have both features in their displays, which will show an approximate surface temperature of a targeted surface.

THE MYTH

The temperature measurement zone on any make and model of a fire service TI is either a small green box or a set of crosshairs in the center of the TI’s display screen. This area measures a noncontact solid (relative) surface temperature that is not 100% accurate. Different materials or the same materials with different composition, surface textures, color, and gloss will not register temperature readings in the same way, resulting in variations in the temperature readings that can vary from ±5° to ±41° (specifications); the reality is plus or minus several hundred degrees.

Another factor affecting temperature measurement is based on the distance to the area being observed, which is called the distance-to-spot (DTS) ratio. The DTS ratio is roughly proportional to the width of the pixel array (640 or 320) divided by the field of view (FOV). So, more pixels (307,200 vs. 76,800) give a higher ratio; larger FOV gives a smaller ratio. Depending on the make/ model of TI, the DTS could range, as an example, from 37:1 (1’×1’×37’) to 73:1 (1’×1’×73’). Understand the TI’s DTS ratio, which tells you about the effective distance from which the TI can accurately measure temperature. Ideally, you should be as close as practical to the object, as the surface temperature area will be larger. Obviously, the farther away you are, the smaller the temperature area gets.

courtesy of Bullard

1 An NFPA-compliant TI in Basic Plus Mode showing digital spot temp measurement. Would you trust 119°F (48.3°C) on the window? Look at what this image is telling you. (Photos courtesy of Bullard.)

temperature measurement

2 Checking for hot spots using spot temperature measurement.

 

Several factors may affect the temperature reading, such as the following:

  • How much heat.
  • The material being measured and its ability to absorb or reflect heat (emissivity).
  • The object’s temperature.
  • The distance from the object being measured as well as the angle at which the object is being viewed.
  • The cleanliness of the front germanium lens because of steam, smoke, and soot.
  • If the object does not fully fill the center target area, a false reading ma
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Posted: Jul 16, 2025

PHOTOS: 49th Antique Fire Apparatus Show and Muster Held in Harrisburg (PA), Part 3

The annual antique fire apparatus muster and flea market along the banks of the Susquehanna River in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, hosted by the Pennsylvania Pump Primers, was held July 12.

The Pennsylvania Pump Primers Association is an organization of antique fire apparatus enthusiasts, many of whom own, drive, maintain, and improve their own fire trucks and related vehicles and equipment, according to the organization’s Web site.

The Pump Primers were founded in Harrisburg in 1975 and the following year became the Central Pennsylvania Chapter of the national organization the Society for the Preservation and Appreciation of Antique Motor Fire Apparatus in America (SPAAMFAA). Every July the Pennsylvania Pump Primers holds its annual muster in Harrisburg along the banks of the Susquehanna River in Riverfront Park. Over the years the muster has drawn an average of 100 pieces of antique apparatus that participate in activities including static display and active drafting and pumping from the river. The muster also features an extensive flea market and fire related contests and games.

Photos from 49th Antique Fire Apparatus Show: Part 1 | Part 2

Photos by David Traiforos.

Posted: Jul 16, 2025

Helena (MT) to Spend $325K to Repair Failing Fire Station Boiler

CHRISTINE COMPTON
Independent Record, Helena, Mont.
(TNS)

Helena city commissioners approved $325,600 to replace a fire station’s nearly-50-year-old boiler system.

The boiler system, installed in 1976 at the 300 Neill Ave. Helena Fire station, is “beyond (its) expected life,” city documents state.

The systems fail often due to their age and inefficiency, it puts plainly.

The current model’s biggest risk is that it only uses one actual boiler, so if it fails, the entire facility loses hot water.

The Helena Fire Department

The Helena Fire Department Station No. 1 at 300 Neil Ave.

A $325,600 bid would replace the boiler system with a new, 98% thermally efficient redundant boiler system, so if one part fails, another part could take over.

It’d also replace nonfunctioning heater units, upgrade the air handlers and upgrade the air-based controls to digital controls.

Of the two bids submitted, Helena-based Tri-County Mechanical and Electrical offered the lowest bid at $325,649.

City commissioners heard the bid at a Monday meeting and asked about the replacement’s cost savings and lifespan.

While there aren’t any exact figures, the new boiler system is expected to be far more energy efficient, likely saving costs, Community Facilities Manager Bridget Johnston said. The lifespan is also unknown, but the current boiler had an estimated 30- to 50-year lifespan.

Commissioners voted to award the bid 4-0. City Commissioner Melinda Reed was absent.

© 2025 the Independent Record (Helena, Mont.). Visit www.helenair.com. Distributed by Tribune Content Agency, LLC.

The post Helena (MT) to Spend $325K to Repair Failing Fire Station Boiler appeared first on Fire Apparatus: Fire trucks, fire engines, emergency vehicles, and firefighting equipment.

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Posted: Jul 16, 2025

Water Rescue Bin Blows Off the Top of Pumper; FD Wants It Back

The West Manchester Township (PA) Fire Department is asking for the public’s help in locating equipment that was lost during recent storms, fox43.com reported

The department said a yellow and black tote containing water rescue equipment was blown off its pumper. The bin included two black and yellow Mustang personal floatation devices (PFDs) and a yellow throw bag with an orange floating rope. 

“A very critical water rescue bin has blown off the top of our engine,” the department said in a Facebook post. “If anyone has found this tote please notify the WMT office at (717) 792-3505 and ask for Chief Laughman.”

The post Water Rescue Bin Blows Off the Top of Pumper; FD Wants It Back appeared first on Fire Apparatus: Fire trucks, fire engines, emergency vehicles, and firefighting equipment.

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Posted: Jul 15, 2025

Bradley International Airport Adds New Oshkosh Striker ARFF Vehicles

Three new Oshkosh Airport Products Striker® ARFF vehicles provide strong emergency response, outstanding operational uptime, and support the airport’s future growth.

APPLETON, Wisconsin (July 15th, 2025) – Oshkosh Airport Products, an Oshkosh Corporation (NYSE: OSK) business, is proud to announce the delivery of three state-of-the-art Striker® Aircraft Rescue and Fire Fighting (ARFF) vehicles to Bradley International Airport (BDL) in Windsor Locks, Connecticut. The new additions to BDL’s fleet represent a major investment in safety, service reliability, and operational agility.

The delivery, managed in partnership with Oshkosh Airport Products’ regional dealer Firematic Supply Co. Inc., includes one Striker 6×6 with a Snozzle® High Reach Extendable Turret (HRET), one Striker 4×4 with a Snozzle HRET, and one Striker 4×4 with a roof turret. Each unit is engineered with next-generation technology to meet the growing demands of a high-traffic, safety-first airport.

“This addition reflects our commitment to delivering a seamless experience to passengers and airline partners,” said Raymond Muller, Vice President, Service & Technology at Firematic Supply Co. Inc. “The new rescue vehicles will enable high in-service rates, exceptional maintenance efficiency, and support the airport’s growing traffic needs.”

All three units are powered by a Scania DC16/V8 670 HP Tier 4 Final engine and feature TAK- 4® Independent Suspension for enhanced stability and off-road performance. Advanced operator awareness and control capabilities are built into each vehicle, including 360-degree camera systems, digital video recorders, exterior water/foam level lights, and an engine fast- start button on the side of each cab.

Additionally, the three vehicles feature slightly different specifications:

Striker 6×6 with Snozzle HRET:

  • 3,000-gallon water capacity
  • 440-gallon foam capacity
  • 550 pounds of dry chemical capacity
  • Snozzle HRET
  • Low attack bumper turret
  • In-cab EMS storage

Striker 4×4 with Snozzle HRET:

  • 1,500-gallon water capacity
  • 220-gallon foam capacity
  • 550 pounds of dry chemical capacity
  • Snozzle HRET and bumper turret
  • In-cab EMS storage

Striker 4×4 with Roof Turret:

  • 1,500-gallon water capacity
  • 220-gallon foam capacity
  • 550 pounds of dry chemical capacity
  • Roof and bumper turrets
  • Digital monitoring and recording systems

BDL is the largest airport in Connecticut and the second largest in New England, serving more than 6.7 million passengers annually. The production and delivery process for the airport’s new Striker ARFF vehicles was managed through a collaborative partnership between Firematic Supply Co., the engineering and technical support teams at Oshkosh Airport Products, and Bradley International Airport’s internal stakeholders.

“From initial consultation to final delivery, the sales and technical support teams played a critical role in ensuring the success of the project,” added Muller. “The seamless coordination ensured the process remained on time and within budget.”

For more information about Oshkosh Airport Products and the new Striker ARFF vehicles at Bradley International Airport, visit www.oshkoshairport.com.

About Oshkosh Airport Products

Oshkosh Airport Products, a division of Pierce Manufacturing Inc.

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