Menu

WFC News

Posted: Jun 1, 2018

Making Strides in Women’s PPE

Mark Saner

It wasn’t all that long ago that women couldn’t vote, couldn’t run for office, and couldn’t work the same hours as men.

Now, traditionally male-dominated fields—like firefighting—are seeing more and more women than ever before. According to the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), from 2011 to 2015, women accounted for, on average, nearly five percent of career firefighters.1

As the number of female firefighters continues to grow, however, there is also an increased need for uniforms engineered with women in mind. Historically, workwear manufacturers serving predominantly male industries have focused most of their efforts on men’s clothing. As a result, women have often had to wear oversized, poor-fitting garments that aren’t conducive to the movement required in their jobs. This even extends to safety apparel that must fit correctly to provide proper protection, such as flame-resistant (FR) clothing.

The fire service industry is no exception. In a study conducted by Cornell University’s Institute for Women and Work, researchers interviewed 175 female firefighters in depth and found that 80 percent said they were issued ill-fitting equipment.2

Lara McLean, a lieutenant at the Ketchum (ID) Fire Department, can attest to the problems with this firsthand. Standing at 5 feet 3 inches, McLean’s experiences with finding something to wear in a world of clothing made for men have been, in her words, “absolutely ridiculous.”

“I’ve had to get a lot of my clothes tailored,” says McLean. “The jackets are basically just a big square with holes cut in them for your arms, and they’re long enough to wear as a cocktail dress. They cover up my bunker pants pockets, so I have to do this weird thing to get into them. And, the pants themselves—I guess they must think that if you’re short, you’re also wide, so that’s a whole problem in itself.”

And those are just the basics—safety clothing for firefighters also includes boots, gloves, and face pieces. McLean’s experiences with these have been equally appalling.

“At first, my boots were impossible to walk in,” she says. “I’ve actually left a boot behind a couple of times. And, don’t even get me started on the gloves. I like to think we have separate digits for a reason. There’s so much extra space in the tips that I can’t use my fingers—I can’t even bend them.”

While there’s no question that McLean’s experiences haven’t exactly been ideal, they become even more of a problem when you consider that in a career like firefighting, clothes that don’t fit aren’t just uncomfortable, unattractive, and impractical—they can also compromise safety.

When it comes to protective apparel, clothes that fit right can be the difference between life and death. Safety gear that doesn’t fit well may not adequately protect you from hazards, and it is also more likely to get caught on something, trip you, or accidentally be dragged through dangerous substances.

Things are starting to look up a bit, though. McLean says she thinks some manufacturers have taken significant positive steps to improve women’s safety gear. For instance, FR station wear uniforms designed by women and made specifically for female firefighters are now available. FR station wear that fits well provides an added layer of protection, and certain women’s styles have even been developed using fit models to ensure the most comfortable, size-appropriate, safety-focused fit pos

Read more
Posted: Jun 1, 2018

Fire Suppression Additives


Firefighting water enhancers have been around for a number of years, but recent developments have produced suppressants and additives that are biodegradable and able to be used in a wide range of existing firefighting apparatus and equipment.

These suppressants are being used not only for aerial applications in wildland and urban interface situations but also in ground-based wildland firefighting and in structural applications.

Water Enhancers

Terry Lund, founder of EarthClean Corp. and inventor of TetraKO, says EarthClean’s TetraKO XL-P granulate product is a water enhancer, often called a gel, “that transforms water into a liquid that sticks to vertical and ceiling surfaces and can be pumped through standard fire pumps. Through a dual thickening agent, it manipulates water to the firefighter’s advantage, sticking and staying in the high, hot thermals of 1,500°F to 1,800°F near the ceiling, instead of running down to the ground, resulting in high heat absorption,” he says. Lund notes that in tests, EarthClean has extinguished a fully-involved two-car garage fire with 10 gallons of TetraKO XL-P and water delivered through a standard fire hose nozzle.

1 Firefighters use EarthClean Corp.’s TetraKO XL-P water enhancer to extinguish a two-car garage fire. (Photos 1-3 courtesy of EarthClean Corp.)
2 A helicopter makes a water drop enhanced by TetraKO XL-P.
3 A Fire Boss fixed-wing aircraft drops a load of TetraKO XL-P-enhanced water on a wildland fire.

1 Firefighters use EarthClean Corp.’s TetraKO XL-P water enhancer to extinguish a two-car garage fire. (Photos 1-3 courtesy of EarthClean Corp.) 2 A helicopter makes a water drop enhanced by TetraKO XL-P. 3 A Fire Boss fixed-wing aircraft drops a load of TetraKO XL-P-enhanced water on a wildland fire.

Ron Raley, a spokesperson for PHOS-CHeK, part of ICL Performance Products, notes that the company makes Insul-8 and Aqua Gel K, two products used in both direct suppression and structural or improvement protection. “These products have superior insulating and adhering capabilities and provide a protective thermal barrier to prevent fires from igniting flammable vegetation,” Raley says. “They are effective as long as the water they contain has not evaporated.”

Michael Reger, president of GelTech Solutions Inc., says his company’s product, FireIce, “is a super-absorbent polymer that’s environmentally friendly and nontoxic with good adhesion properties. It binds with water molecules without a phase change, so it does not create steam, and it rapidly cools, looking like applesauce but blocking oxygen from the fuel.” Reger points out that FireIce is

Read more
Posted: Jun 1, 2018

Fire Apparatus and Other Emergency Vehicle Modifications

Christian P. Koop

Christian P. Koop

There is no question that necessity is the mother of invention. Modifying emergency response vehicles (ERVs) is closely related to this ancient factual statement.

In my 35 years of being involved with maintaining and repairing fire and rescue apparatus, modifications to the equipment were required many times to keep the units safe and operational. Now there are several categories that these modifications can fall into. The simplest is just mounting new tools and equipment or simply mounting loose equipment for the sake of safety. Today there are a number of companies that provide specialty mounts for just about anything carried on ERVs. Second is installing electronic gear such as radios, laptop computers, thermal imaging cameras, and a host of other electronic equipment being installed as upgrades or new equipment to keep up with new technologies. The third category involves correcting a system or part that is either failing prematurely or one that never worked properly since the vehicle was purchased or placed into service. Some of these issues can be incipient and don’t rear their ugly heads until the warranty has expired or even years later.

Some of these issues can be corrected through the warranty, but with others, unfortunately, either the dealer or manufacturer flat out refuses to repair or is not able to. There are a number of reasons manufacturers will not become involved. Sometimes it may be because the equipment’s specifications were technical vs. performance type. Other times, it may be because preventive maintenance was not done according to schedule or there was abuse involved so either the dealer or manufacturer won’t agree to cover repairs. Whatever the case may have been, the following are examples of some of the numerous modifications performed over the years at the shop I managed for Miami-Dade County, Florida. The main reason I am writing about these modifications is to provide insight into the reasons they were done with the hope that they can help others in similar circumstances. As I have mentioned in past articles, history seems to repeat itself—even when it comes to ERV service and repair—and usually not in a good way. With each case, I will give background information to give the reader the greatest insight possible.

Short Alternator Life

In the early 1980s, the Miami-Dade (FL) Fire Department had a fleet of Ford E-350 type III rescue trucks with 460 gasoline engines. The main problem that kept reoccurring was very short alternator life. They were equipped with 160-amp alternators, and the internal bridge rectifiers (converts AC to DC voltage) were failing because of extreme heat. It was so bad that the solder holding the diodes in the rectifier would melt. Some of the hard run units had alternators failing almost daily. The fix was to remove the internal bridge rectifiers and install an external unit. The external diode pack was mounted behind the grille where the adequate air flow kept the diodes cool. The entire fleet was retrofitted, and this major headache went away. Subsequent new replacement fleet units were specified from the factory with a 200-amp alternator and with the external diode pack. Today some alternator manufacturers offer their own versions of the externally mounted diode pack.

Brake Life Issues

Between 1982 and 1983, the fire department purchased $27,000,000 worth of fire apparatus, aerials, and specialty units. Included were s

Read more
Posted: Jun 1, 2018

Apparatus Purchasing: The Confusing World of Fire Apparatus Specification Exceptions


Addressing exceptions in a set of purchasing specifications is a tedious task most purchasers give little thought to.

Exceptions are usually addressed in the boiler plate (aka front sheets) of purchasing specifications under the legalese and bidding requirements. Neither are particularly interesting subjects to most apparatus purchasing committee (APC) members. After all, what firefighter wants to address mundane verbiage describing an exception when stimulating job-related topics such as pump sizes, tank capacities, hose loads, and the number and type of sirens can be debated. In the majority of apparatus purchases, APCs readily adopt verbiage describing exceptions that is recommended by a favored vendor. That could be a mistake. There should be a common understanding by both the purchaser and potential bidders as to what an exception is and how exceptions will be addressed during the bidding process. Misunderstandings may result in discord and conflict. Prospective bidders may be unduly influenced in their decision to submit or not submit a proposal.

The dictionary defines an exception as an exclusion or an omission. Simply put: When a buyer specifies something in a purchasing specification and a bidder isn’t going to supply it, an exception must be taken by the bidder. Unfortunately in the fire truck world, it is not that simple. There are far too many variables. Purchasers and bidders may have their own interpretations of an exception. Some may be disingenuous.

Vendors

There are two classifications of vendors in the competitive bidding arena. One is the preferred vendor who helps write or entirely writes the purchaser’s specification document. It also can be a vendor whose apparatus the purchaser is favoring in its specification. The other classification includes everyone else. There is no intent to disparage preferred vendors or question their integrity. It is logical and common for a preferred vendor to encourage purchasers to write “No Exceptions Allowed” in as many places as they can when the preferred vendor’s product is being described. The more exceptions competitors have to take in their proposals, the better the chances are for the favorite vendor to secure an order. Don’t blame the vendors; that’s their job. Purchasers should just be aware of it.

Purchasers

There also are two classifications of purchasers. The first includes purchasers who write proprietary specifications around an apparatus manufacturer (OEM) of choice—typically with the help of the previously mentioned preferred vendor. These people usually make nonpreferred bidders “jump through hoops” to justify taking any exception to their specifications. Some make liberal use of the phrase “No Exception” to discourage them. Whether favoring one vendor or discouraging others is ethical, morally correct, or even legal is not being debated. However, it does occur quite often. Purchasing the exact rig wanted is the wish of almost every purchasing committee member. It is utopia. Some purchasers may believe the end justifies the means.

The other classification of purchaser includes those who do not purposefully write proprietary specifications. They seek honest and open competitive bidding. Sometimes this group of purchasers inadvertently discourages competitive bidding by not adequately addressing exceptions. That can cause vendors to refrain from submitting a proposal, thereby unintentionally negating the objective of open competitive bidding.

The purchaser mandates what a bidder Read more

Posted: Jun 1, 2018

Keep Hose Testing Safe by Not Using Fire Apparatus

By Gregg Geske

Fire Apparatus Manufactures Association logo

Members of the Fire Apparatus Manufacturers’ Association (FAMA) are experts at building big trucks with big horsepower and big water flow.

These capabilities are exactly what the fire service needs for putting out big fires. It is not, however, what you either need or want for testing hose, nozzles, and couplings.

Annual Testing is Essential

While the importance of proper equipment testing and maintenance is indisputable, it still seems that there are departments where this is message is often ignored. Several years ago, I visited a large fire department and was surprised that it did not perform annual hose or pump testing. When it comes to putting water on a fire, you need a pump and you need hose. Failure of either will mean you can’t get the job done. If you are not testing both at least annually, you risk failing at the main thing you need for fire suppression.

Another important reason to test hose annually is because it is required by the Insurance Services Office (ISO) system. Proper hose testing records are one of the check boxes on an ISO audit. Loss of an ISO rating not only means you are less effective as a department, it can also mean money out of your tax payers’ pockets in the form of higher insurance premiums.

Safe Testing Procedures are Essential

The proper method of testing hose is found in National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) 1962, Standard for the Care, Use, Inspection, Service Testing, and Replacement of Fire Hose, Couplings, Nozzles, and Fire Hose Appliances. There are two procedures that NFPA 1962 specifies: testing using a hose testing machine and using a stationary pump or pump on a fire department apparatus. While both these methods are described in the body of the standard, the second method comes with two important caveats. First and foremost is the warning that points out because of the risk of “catastrophic failure during the service testing of fire hose, it is vital that safety precautions be taken to prevent exposure of anyone to this danger.” The safety risk of hose testing using a fire apparatus stems from the very high horsepower that the apparatus can produce.

The second caveat is found in the annex to the standard. It points out the potential for damaging the pump by running the pump at high pressures and no flow. This situation can cause cavitation and high pump temperatures. The high heat created can also pose an additional safety risk.

Real-Life Safety Risks

More than 25 years ago, I was involved in a hose testing operation at my paid-per-call fire department for which our fire apparatus supplied the test pressure. Because of the lack of available space, we had the hose laid out in the fire station bays and apron. During the pressure test, one of the hose lengths failed and propelled a galvanized garbage can against the wall and flattened it. Luckily, it was a garbage can and not a firefighter. This example is a graphic demonstration of how much power is available through the apparatus pump.

The important part of safety we ignored was limiting the flow to the hose being tested. NFPA 1962 addresses this when using the fire apparatus pump by requiring that a gate valve with a ¼-inch hole drilled through the gate be used between

Read more
RSS
First47454746474747484750475247534754Last

Theme picker

Search News Articles