To say that what the fire service is experiencing now when it comes to apparatus purchasing is unprecedented is an understatement, but one that should be put in perspective. Fire apparatus manufacturing is a competitive market producing parts and finished vehicles, mostly custom, that Americans across the country rely on in a crisis. In the years since the pandemic, the fire apparatus market has experienced rising costs and increased lead times for apparatus delivery. The Fire Apparatus Manufacturers Association (FAMA) closely tracks trends in this important market and offers the following data and analysis to provide the facts and context for current industry-wide purchasing conditions.
Figure 1
After disruptions associated with the financial crisis of 2008 to 2010, the fire service industry experienced a period of relative stability in terms of fire apparatus ordered and shipped. Figure 1 shows both booked and shipped orders between 2011 and 2024. The average baselines for this period are shown as dotted lines across the width of the graph.
The onset of the COVID-19 pandemic in late 2019 and into 2020 introduced several disruptive factors that included restrictions on travel, focus on public health and emergency response, protection of personnel, inconsistent labor availability, and key material shortages. Travel restrictions meant that apparatus purchasing committees could no longer meet in person, which along with the other disruptions, led to a 12% drop in bookings for fire apparatus in 2020. When the United States emerged from the pandemic in 2021 and 2022, pent-up demand for new fire apparatus, augmented by increased municipal budgets from federal pandemic recovery legislation, resulted in orders spiking to 45% above the pre-pandemic baseline.
The rapid increase in booked orders, combined with the fall in shipped orders, resulted in an unprecedented imbalance and a corresponding backlog, which meant much longer lead times.
Fire apparatus manufacturers operate in a competitive marketplace, including approximately 55 apparatus manufacturers in FAMA. All these manufacturers are feeling the market disruptions across skilled labor and supply chains. While larger manufacturers would see a greater impact because of the larger number of units affected, the FAMA data point to all apparatus manufacturers experiencing similar conditions, making the current purchasing atmosphere an industry-wide condition.
To explain further, fire apparatus manufacturers operate in a competitive marketplace. Each manufacturer has specific strengths and offerings, and all must comply with various automotive standards as well as National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) guidelines. Component manufacturers also have fields of expertise and specialization and must design, manufacture, and market in the same competitive environment.
Compared with other vehicle manufacturing industries, the overall fire apparatus market is very small. Low volume and a high degree of customization mean that, on a per unit basis, specification writing, engineering, and manufacturing have longer lead times with significant resource requirements. Fire apparatus manufacturing facilities t