Keeping It Safe Robert Tutterow
The National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) issued a new revision of NFPA 1971, Standard on Protective Ensembles for Structural Fire Fighting and Proximity Fire Fighting, within the new consolidated NFPA 1970, Standard on Protective Ensembles for Structural and Proximity Firefighting, Work Apparel, Open-Circuit Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) for Emergency Services, and Personal Alert Safety Systems (PASS), on August 29, 2024.
As part of the NPFA’s consolidation process, NFPA 1970 combines four previously separate NFPA standards as reflected in the new title. It was effective on September 18, 2024. To give testing agencies and manufacturers time to migrate to the new requirements, there is a 12-month transition period before new elements must meet the new requirements. Hence, new personal protective equipment (PPE) hitting the street to meet the new standard is just a few weeks away.
The focus of this column will be on the big change in turnout gear coats and trousers. That big change is to “PFAS-free” gear. I put “PFAS-free” in quotes, as the new garments will not be completely 100% free. However, they must have detectable levels no higher than 100 parts per million (ppm). Detecting PFAS in gear can be tricky. It could get a miniscule detectable amount during transport, packaging, or basic handling.
So how is the new PFAS-free gear different? First and foremost, early indications from departments that have already put the gear in service are that they have found it does not last nearly as long. Most departments that were getting six- to seven-year life expectancy from their PFAS gear are now saying they do not expect the PFAS-free gear to even last half as long. Read that last sentence again! Hopefully, as new technology, materials, maintenance, and use protocols evolve, the life expectancy will increase.
Another change in the new PFAS-free gear is that it will not repel some liquids encountered in firefighting, such as hydraulic fluid. Dr. Bryan Ormond, from NC State University, has probably researched the PFAS issue more than any other person. He offers a great nonbiased presentation on the implications of PFAS-free gear. A key point he stresses is the importance of firefighters, when issued new PFAS-free gear, understanding the difference in the protection levels of the gear they are receiving.
I think it is critical that every department has a PPE manager or technician who is up to speed on PPE and responsible for educating the department’s members on limitations along with care and maintenance issues.
Naturally, when changes in the fire service occur, social media goes wild, and most of the information is misinformation. It reminds me of the statement, “If you don’t watch the news, you are not informed. If you do watch the news, you are misinformed.” There is a lot of confusion within the fire service.
The nature of this new revision prompted the NFPA to call for a two-day PPE Workshop at its headquarters in Quincy, Massachusetts, in April 2025. The invitation-only event consisted of firefighters from across the country, PPE Technical Committee members, PPE component manufacturers, PPE finished product manufacturers, and NFPA staff. According to NFPA Vice President and Chief Engineer Chris Dubay, “The overall goal was to provide an industry update; hear what challenges participants are facing; and what potential performance changes/ challenges, if any, we might expect to see.” As one who was fortunate to be invited, I thought the workshop was very beneficial. Participants openly s