Chief Concerns Richard Marinucci
Fire departments have probably always responded to some types of hazardous materials emergencies.
For the most part, when circumstances require a response from local government and there are no clear-cut options, the fire department often is the default agency. Prior to the establishment of Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) regulations and National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) standards, fire departments sent out their personnel to do the best they could. Fortunately, in many cases, there were not too many events, and the complexity was not as great as it is today. Through advances in society and science, many new chemicals exist and methods to use and transport have increased. Yet, statistically and anecdotally, response to emergencies involving hazardous materials has not overburdened most departments.
The need to be prepared to respond remains. As standards and regulations have been developed, fire departments have had more expectations placed on them. They have been given direction as to preparation and response. It could be argued that many of the requirements are not completely aligned with typical fire department responses. Time often is not critical to take action, and those performing jobs must have the proper training. In contrast, response to structure fires has always relied on rapid response with the purpose of getting to the scene in the moments that matter—that is, in time to save those who are savable and minimize the damage caused by the spread of fire. Regarding training, beyond the bare minimum, it is up to the local departments. Though national standards exist, states retain the right to establish the standards acceptable within their jurisdiction. Local organizations can exceed those minimums but not go below the requirements.
This could be an oversimplification but is intended to generate some discussion regarding the differences in approaches to responses to various incidents that occur within jurisdictions. We can start by looking at the typical makeup of firefighters. Generally, they are action oriented and conditioned to respond quickly, make decisions and acting at a moment’s notice, often without having all the information needed. Much of this is predicated on policies and procedures, standard operating guidelines, training, and experience. It often leads to a situation where emergencies are approache