By Alan M. Petrillo
Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are playing a more central part in fire suppression, reconnaissance, search and rescue, and other functions for fire departments, with some agencies setting up special operations units to handle aerial responsibilities. And with drone manufacturers continually improving their aircraft and the equipment they carry, departments are upgrading to more efficient, persistent, and technologically able unmanned aerial systems.
Michael Leo, captain of the Robotics Drone Unit at the Fire Department of New York (FDNY), says the department’s ded-icated drone unit operates Command Tactical Unit 1 (CCU-1), a GMC quad cab pickup truck staffed 24/7 by an officer, pilot/operator, and visual observer running out of Roosevelt Island. “We carry several different DJI drones and a Fotokite tethered drone that’s permanently mounted on top of CCU-1 for when we need persistent aerial operations,” Leo says.
CCU-1 carries a DJI M300 UAV with payloads that include a visual light camera with pan/tilt/zoom (PTZ) capabilities, a thermal camera, a spotlight, and a speaker, Leo points out. It also carries a DJI M30T UAV with a visual light camera with zoom and wide-angle capabilities, a thermal camera, and a laser rangefinder to measure distance and identify GPS coordinates, he says. It also includes a DJI Mavic 3E, which is used mostly for mapping, and a DJI Avata, a small drone with a visual camera and spotlight that the FDNY uses for indoor aerial operations.
The FDNY also runs Car 11X, Leo’s command vehicle from which he manages airspace and deconflicts with other drone and helicopter agencies, and Command Tactical Unit 3, three utility terrain vehicles that each carry a DJI drone.
“Each mission is different,” Leo observes. “If we’re looking for someone missing in the water, we usually use the M300 because of its large spotlight and night vision sensors. For structure fires, we’ll fly the M30 and use its thermal sensors to track firefighters on a roof, track which way the fire is moving, identify hot spots for the crews, and identify firefighter escape routes. For night operations, we’ll use the M300 with its large spotlight that can light up an entire rooftop, use its infrared camera to check all four sides of a building, scan the scene, and give the incident commander a 360-degree picture of the situation.”
Leo notes that for a parking garage collapse in 2023, the FDNY used several different drones, including a ground robot. And, while on a recent crane fire, his drone team was able to fly a M30 to a position where it gave the incident commander (IC) views of the fire from above, below, and alongside. “The drone can fly between buildings where a helicopter can’t go, and our drone allowed firefighters to see how far and where their water stream was hitting on the crane,” he adds.