By Alan M. Petrillo

After fire departments have a new fire station built or an older station renovated, they are faced with the issue of furnishing it to make it a usable place where firefighters live and work.

The types of furnishings that fire departments choose for their new or refurbished stations run the gamut of practical, functional, and robust furniture and furnishings aimed at making the fire stations comfortable living spaces.

1 Mackenzie Architecture outfitted the community room at the City of Buckley (WA) Fire Department with tables and chairs often used for conferences and training. (Photos 1-4 courtesy of Mackenzie Architecture.)

Guiding Departments

Ken Newell, senior principal, Stewart-Cooper-Newell Architects, says that furnishings generally fall under a furniture, fixtures, and equipment contract and are typically purchased by the owner of the station or a third party designated by them. “When we design a station, we would show where the various furnishings would fit,” Newell says, “and the owner would use that station planning guide to go out and purchase furnishings.”

Such furnishings would include all furniture for the day room, kitchen, offices, bunk rooms, as well as mobile turnout gear lockers, additional refrigerators, information technology equipment, and loose audio-video equipment, Newell adds.

2 The day room furniture at the City of Buckley (WA) Fire Department consists of comfortable chairs in several groupings.

Bob Mitchell, principal at Mitchell Associates Architects, says he recommends that fire departments purchase “robust and not high-concept furniture. With couches, chairs, and recliners, look at the manufacturer’s literature for the specifications and see what kind and type of construction is under the fabric.”

Mitchell also recommends that fire departments avoid purchasing furniture that is covered in cloth fabric. “You want to choose a fabric that doesn’t provide an area where germs can flourish and that can be readily cleaned,” he says. “Use Naugahyde-type fabrics that have a urethane finish that feels and acts like leather but can be cleaned and disinfected very easily.”

3 Office furniture in the report room (shown) and other offices at the Hillsboro (OR) Fire Department was furnished by Mackenzie Architecture.

Kim Doyle, project manager and interior designer for Mackenzie Architecture, says that no fire station can be called typical when it comes to furnishings because each is a little different-from how it is funded to who chooses and procures the furniture. “We always include a schematic diagram of how furniture might fit in a fire station we design,” Doyle p

By Carl Nix

Happy New Year! I hope your holidays were joyously spent with family and friends.

As we begin a new year, I wanted to share with you the criteria needed to choose a thermal imaging camera (TIC) if you are lucky enough to have money dedicated in your 2017 budget to purchasing one.

TICs are high-technology tools that every fire department wants to own. Today’s TIC manufacturers offer multiple products with varying features and technology options. A TIC lets firefighters see through smoke or other particulates in complete darkness. This is the single most important benefit of a TIC. Beyond this benefit, TICs designed for firefighting have evolved greatly. Now these devices provide scene interpretation (helping firefighters understand heat layers and potential emerging threats), pinpoint the location of hot spots, transmit and record information for training purposes or for scene interpretation, and give directional guidance to a team that is moving through a structure. TICs for the fire service have become sophisticated and complex devices, making it difficult to choose the best one for your department.

How will your TIC be used and by whom? Are size and weight critical? Will the unit withstand the harsh environment of firefighting? These are some of the questions that need to be answered before choosing a TIC. Let’s look at the criteria needed to effectively evaluate a TIC purchase.

Image quality. This may be the single most important feature firefighters look for in a TIC. The clearer the picture, the better. We are spoiled living in an age where our TVs, phones, and tablets have the brightest and clearest displays possible. Firefighters expect the same quality on their TIC screen. When evaluating TIC image quality, be sure you examine the TIC’s image in multiple situations, including indoors, outdoors, and high-heat environments. Look for the TIC that provides critical details in a fire including seeing low-heat objects in the same scene as high-heat objects. Don’t just choose the TIC with the best image quality, but select one based on the contrast of image clarity when looking at both high and low heat.

Durability. Your TIC is going to take a beating, so choose one that is durable. Many manufacturers will give you durability specifications for their TIC that typically include drop, shock, heat, and water test results. These tests are designed to replicate what a firefighter puts a TIC through when in the heat of the fire. As you evaluate different models, consider testing these claims as part of your evaluation.

1 Investing in a TIC is a big purchase, so it’s important that you do your homework upfront. (Photo courtesy of Bullard.)

Features. Features installed on TICs vary widely, depending on the manufacturer. Features such as high heat colorization and temperature measurement are available on every TIC, but they differ in implementation. Some models offer either numeric or bar graph temperature indicators, while others offer both. High heat colorization may be as simple as a certain color scheme activating when temperatures reach a certain threshold, or it may fluctuate as the TIC’s mode changes with different exposure to heat. Some models offer selectable modes that let the user change the type of color scheme. Many TICs support image capture and DVR capabilities for recording images and some enable transmission of imagery

By Carl Nix

Happy New Year! I hope your holidays were joyously spent with family and friends.

As we begin a new year, I wanted to share with you the criteria needed to choose a thermal imaging camera (TIC) if you are lucky enough to have money dedicated in your 2017 budget to purchasing one.

TICs are high-technology tools that every fire department wants to own. Today’s TIC manufacturers offer multiple products with varying features and technology options. A TIC lets firefighters see through smoke or other particulates in complete darkness. This is the single most important benefit of a TIC. Beyond this benefit, TICs designed for firefighting have evolved greatly. Now these devices provide scene interpretation (helping firefighters understand heat layers and potential emerging threats), pinpoint the location of hot spots, transmit and record information for training purposes or for scene interpretation, and give directional guidance to a team that is moving through a structure. TICs for the fire service have become sophisticated and complex devices, making it difficult to choose the best one for your department.

How will your TIC be used and by whom? Are size and weight critical? Will the unit withstand the harsh environment of firefighting? These are some of the questions that need to be answered before choosing a TIC. Let’s look at the criteria needed to effectively evaluate a TIC purchase.

Image quality. This may be the single most important feature firefighters look for in a TIC. The clearer the picture, the better. We are spoiled living in an age where our TVs, phones, and tablets have the brightest and clearest displays possible. Firefighters expect the same quality on their TIC screen. When evaluating TIC image quality, be sure you examine the TIC’s image in multiple situations, including indoors, outdoors, and high-heat environments. Look for the TIC that provides critical details in a fire including seeing low-heat objects in the same scene as high-heat objects. Don’t just choose the TIC with the best image quality, but select one based on the contrast of image clarity when looking at both high and low heat.

Durability. Your TIC is going to take a beating, so choose one that is durable. Many manufacturers will give you durability specifications for their TIC that typically include drop, shock, heat, and water test results. These tests are designed to replicate what a firefighter puts a TIC through when in the heat of the fire. As you evaluate different models, consider testing these claims as part of your evaluation.

1 Investing in a TIC is a big purchase, so it’s important that you do your homework upfront. (Photo courtesy of Bullard.)

Features. Features installed on TICs vary widely, depending on the manufacturer. Features such as high heat colorization and temperature measurement are available on every TIC, but they differ in implementation. Some models offer either numeric or bar graph temperature indicators, while others offer both. High heat colorization may be as simple as a certain color scheme activating when temperatures reach a certain threshold, or it may fluctuate as the TIC’s mode changes with different exposure to heat. Some models offer selectable modes that let the user change the type of color scheme. Many TICs support image capture and DVR capabilities for recording images and some enable transmission of imagery

By Carl Nix

Happy New Year! I hope your holidays were joyously spent with family and friends.

As we begin a new year, I wanted to share with you the criteria needed to choose a thermal imaging camera (TIC) if you are lucky enough to have money dedicated in your 2017 budget to purchasing one.

TICs are high-technology tools that every fire department wants to own. Today’s TIC manufacturers offer multiple products with varying features and technology options. A TIC lets firefighters see through smoke or other particulates in complete darkness. This is the single most important benefit of a TIC. Beyond this benefit, TICs designed for firefighting have evolved greatly. Now these devices provide scene interpretation (helping firefighters understand heat layers and potential emerging threats), pinpoint the location of hot spots, transmit and record information for training purposes or for scene interpretation, and give directional guidance to a team that is moving through a structure. TICs for the fire service have become sophisticated and complex devices, making it difficult to choose the best one for your department.

How will your TIC be used and by whom? Are size and weight critical? Will the unit withstand the harsh environment of firefighting? These are some of the questions that need to be answered before choosing a TIC. Let’s look at the criteria needed to effectively evaluate a TIC purchase.

Image quality. This may be the single most important feature firefighters look for in a TIC. The clearer the picture, the better. We are spoiled living in an age where our TVs, phones, and tablets have the brightest and clearest displays possible. Firefighters expect the same quality on their TIC screen. When evaluating TIC image quality, be sure you examine the TIC’s image in multiple situations, including indoors, outdoors, and high-heat environments. Look for the TIC that provides critical details in a fire including seeing low-heat objects in the same scene as high-heat objects. Don’t just choose the TIC with the best image quality, but select one based on the contrast of image clarity when looking at both high and low heat.

Durability. Your TIC is going to take a beating, so choose one that is durable. Many manufacturers will give you durability specifications for their TIC that typically include drop, shock, heat, and water test results. These tests are designed to replicate what a firefighter puts a TIC through when in the heat of the fire. As you evaluate different models, consider testing these claims as part of your evaluation.

1 Investing in a TIC is a big purchase, so it’s important that you do your homework upfront. (Photo courtesy of Bullard.)

Features. Features installed on TICs vary widely, depending on the manufacturer. Features such as high heat colorization and temperature measurement are available on every TIC, but they differ in implementation. Some models offer either numeric or bar graph temperature indicators, while others offer both. High heat colorization may be as simple as a certain color scheme activating when temperatures reach a certain threshold, or it may fluctuate as the TIC’s mode changes with different exposure to heat. Some models offer selectable modes that let the user change the type of color scheme. Many TICs support image capture and DVR capabilities for recording images and some enable transmission of imagery

By Mark Hatalla

I became a member of the fire service in 1977, retired in 2010, and continue to work with the Atlanta (GA) Fire Rescue Department Training Academy. Captain (ret.) Danny Byess and I designed an industrial pumper to replace the existing foam unit that was originally built in 1973 and rebuilt in 2000 for Atlanta.

As we designed the industrial pumper, we discovered a big training curve. Atlanta, like many fire departments, does not establish high-volume water supplies [greater than 2,000 gallons per minute (gpm)] often or use multiple engines to supply one high-volume pump like the industrial pumper (pump capacity greater than 5,000 gpm).

Establishing a high-volume water supply requires the coordination of pump operators and an understanding of calculating the total gpm being supplied by calculating relay pumping backward or reverse relay pumping. Normally when we relay pump, we get the required gpm from the attack engine, and the supply engine makes the calculations and supplies the water at the correct pressure. There may be more than one engine in a line where each engine is relaying water.

The left column reflects how much water is flowing (gpm). The top row represents how the water is flowing (hose combination). The intersection of the column and row is how far the water is flowing (friction loss per 100 feet).

Relay Pumping Calculations

High-volume water supply involves multiple engines relaying water with multiple supply lines [three or four large-diameter hoselines (LDH)] into one apparatus like an industrial pumper for high-volume flows. To determine the total amount of water being supplied, reverse relay pumping calculations must be made for each LDH supply line connected to the intake manifold of the industrial pumper.

To determine the calculations for relay pumping:

1. Determine the gpm required (from the attack engine).
2. Calculate the friction loss in the hose per 100 feet (by size of the hose).
3. Multiply the friction loss per 100 feet by the length of the hose (supply line).
4. Add intake pressure for the attack engine [IFSTA 20 pounds per square inch (psi)].
5. The result is the pump discharge pressure (PDP).

To determine the calculations for reverse relay pumping:

1. Determine the discharge pressure (from the supply engine).
2. Subtract the intake pressure for the attack engine (IFSTA 20 psi).
3. This is the total friction loss in the supply line (maximum of 10 percent of hose test pressure).
4. Divide the total friction loss by the length of the supply line (per 100 feet).
5. By using a pump chart (Table 1), determine the gpm by the hose size and the friction loss per 100 feet.
6. The result is the amount of water being supplied from the supply engine.

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